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All HBS Web
(1,665)
- Faculty Publications (374)
- September 2020 (Revised February 2023)
- Teaching Note
Uber: Competing Globally
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 720-404.
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Keywords:
Business Ventures;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Business Model;
Geography;
Geographic Location;
Geographic Scope;
Global Strategy;
Globalization;
Multinational Firms and Management;
Globalized Markets and Industries;
Governance;
Governance Controls;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Innovation and Invention;
Disruptive Innovation;
Innovation Strategy;
Law;
Management;
Growth and Development;
Growth Management;
Markets;
Demand and Consumers;
Consumer Behavior;
Network Effects;
Emerging Markets;
Market Design;
Market Entry and Exit;
Market Participation;
Supply and Industry;
Industry Structures;
Planning;
Strategic Planning;
Relationships;
Business and Community Relations;
Business and Government Relations;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Labor and Management Relations;
Networks;
Adaptation;
Strategy;
Business Strategy;
Competition;
Competitive Advantage;
Competitive Strategy;
Expansion;
Information Technology;
Mobile and Wireless Technology;
Digital Platforms;
Transportation Networks;
Transportation;
Transportation Industry;
Technology Industry;
Africa;
Ghana;
Asia;
China;
Shanghai;
Shanghai Shi;
India;
New Delhi;
Europe;
United Kingdom;
London;
England;
Latin America;
North and Central America;
United States;
New York (city, NY);
New York (state, US);
South America;
Colombia
- August 2020
- Article
Leverage and the Beta Anomaly
By: Malcolm Baker, Mathias F. Hoeyer and Jeffrey Wurgler
The well-known weak empirical relationship between beta risk and the cost of equity—the beta anomaly—generates a simple tradeoff theory: As firms lever up, the overall cost of capital falls as leverage increases equity beta, but as debt becomes riskier the marginal...
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Baker, Malcolm, Mathias F. Hoeyer, and Jeffrey Wurgler. "Leverage and the Beta Anomaly." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 55, no. 5 (August 2020): 1491–1514.
- August 2020
- Article
Workplace Knowledge Flows
By: Jason Sandvik, Richard Saouma, Nathan Seegert and Christopher Stanton
We conducted a field experiment in a sales firm to test whether improving knowledge flows between coworkers affects productivity. Our design allows us to compare different management practices and to isolate whether frictions to knowledge transmission primarily reside...
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Keywords:
Knowledge Sharing;
Interpersonal Communication;
Employees;
Performance Productivity;
Sales;
Motivation and Incentives
Sandvik, Jason, Richard Saouma, Nathan Seegert, and Christopher Stanton. "Workplace Knowledge Flows." Quarterly Journal of Economics 135, no. 3 (August 2020): 1635–1680.
- 2020
- Article
Why Do User Communities Matter for Strategy?
By: Sonali K. Shah and Frank Nagle
In this essay, we explore how strategic management research and practice could benefit from considering the benefits and challenges obtainable through working with user communities. User communities represent a unique organizing structure for the exchange of ideas and...
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Keywords:
User Communities;
Innovation;
Open Source;
Collaboration;
Cooperative Strategy;
Knowledge Sharing;
Strategy;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention
Shah, Sonali K., and Frank Nagle. "Why Do User Communities Matter for Strategy?" Special Issue on Open Innovation. Strategic Management Review 1, no. 2 (2020): 305–353.
- May 2020
- Article
Measuring Collaboration in Modern Organizations
By: Stephen Michael Impink, Andrea Prat and Raffaella Sadun
Internal communication has been a central theme in organizational economics, as employee collaboration provides insight into the structure of firms. Use of electronic communications data can be transformational for organizational economics, as these data provide a...
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Keywords:
Collaboration;
Employees;
Interactive Communication;
Measurement and Metrics;
Organizations;
Performance
Impink, Stephen Michael, Andrea Prat, and Raffaella Sadun. "Measuring Collaboration in Modern Organizations." AEA Papers and Proceedings 110 (May 2020): 181–186.
- April 2020 (Revised January 2022)
- Case
Uber: Competing Globally
By: Alexander J. MacKay, Amram Migdal and John Masko
This case describes Uber’s global market entry strategy and responses by regulators and local competitors. It details Uber’s entry into New York City (New York), Bogotá (Colombia), Delhi (India), Shanghai (China), Accra (Ghana), and London (United Kingdom). In each...
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Keywords:
Business Ventures;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Business Model;
Geography;
Geographic Location;
Geographic Scope;
Globalization;
Global Strategy;
Multinational Firms and Management;
Globalized Markets and Industries;
Governance;
Governance Controls;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Innovation and Invention;
Disruptive Innovation;
Innovation Strategy;
Law;
Management;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Growth Management;
Markets;
Demand and Consumers;
Consumer Behavior;
Network Effects;
Emerging Markets;
Market Design;
Market Entry and Exit;
Market Participation;
Supply and Industry;
Industry Structures;
Planning;
Strategic Planning;
Relationships;
Business and Community Relations;
Business and Government Relations;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Labor and Management Relations;
Networks;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Business Strategy;
Competition;
Competitive Advantage;
Competitive Strategy;
Expansion;
Information Technology;
Mobile and Wireless Technology;
Digital Platforms;
Transportation;
Transportation Networks;
Transportation Industry;
Technology Industry;
Africa;
Ghana;
Asia;
China;
Shanghai Shi;
Shanghai;
India;
New Delhi;
Europe;
United Kingdom;
England;
London;
Latin America;
North and Central America;
United States;
New York (city, NY);
New York (state, US);
South America;
Colombia
MacKay, Alexander J., Amram Migdal, and John Masko. "Uber: Competing Globally." Harvard Business School Case 720-404, April 2020. (Revised January 2022.)
- April 2020 (Revised February 2023)
- Case
GitLab and the Future of All-Remote Work (A)
By: Prithwiraj Choudhury and Emma Salomon
GitLab is arguably one of the world’s largest “all-remote” companies. Started in 2011 and with more than 1,000 employees at present, it has no physical offices and all employees, including the entire C-Suite, work remotely from all parts of the world. The case...
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Keywords:
Remote Work;
Internet and the Web;
Technology Adoption;
Value Creation;
Business Model;
Organizational Structure
Choudhury, Prithwiraj, and Emma Salomon. "GitLab and the Future of All-Remote Work (A)." Harvard Business School Case 620-066, April 2020. (Revised February 2023.)
- March 2020
- Technical Note
Intrapreneurship: Leading Innovation Efforts in Established Organizations
By: Karen G. Mills and Annie Dang
“Intrapreneurship” is the use of entrepreneurial management techniques within established companies to create new environments that foster innovation. Mature firms have consistently faced risk of elimination from competitors, shifting consumer preferences, and...
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Keywords:
Intrapreneurship;
Innovation;
Corporate Venture Capital;
Accelerators;
Incubators;
Lean Startup;
Hypothesis Testing;
Business Ventures;
Entrepreneurship;
Innovation and Invention;
Leadership;
Framework;
Disruption
Mills, Karen G., and Annie Dang. "Intrapreneurship: Leading Innovation Efforts in Established Organizations." Harvard Business School Technical Note 820-096, March 2020.
- March 2020
- Article
Organizing Knowledge Production Teams Within Firms for Innovation
By: Vikas A. Aggarwal, David H. Hsu and Andy Wu
How should firms organize their pool of inventive human capital for firm-level innovation? While access to diverse knowledge may aid knowledge recombination, which can facilitate innovation, prior literature has focused primarily on one way of achieving that: diversity...
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Keywords:
Knowledge Recombination;
Organization Design;
Team Boundary;
Innovation;
Knowledge Sharing;
Diversity;
Innovation and Invention;
Groups and Teams;
Human Capital;
Organizational Design
Aggarwal, Vikas A., David H. Hsu, and Andy Wu. "Organizing Knowledge Production Teams Within Firms for Innovation." Art. 1. Strategy Science 5, no. 1 (March 2020): 1–16. (Lead article.)
- February 2020
- Case
Leading Change in Talent at L'Oréal
By: Lakshmi Ramarajan, Vincent Dessain and Emer Moloney
Jean-Claude Le Grand just stepped into a new role as Executive Vice-President for Human Resources at the global cosmetics company, L’Oréal. He is now responsible for the hiring, development, promotion, and retention of 83,000 employees worldwide. The highly successful...
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Keywords:
Advertising;
Business Headquarters;
Business Divisions;
Business Organization;
Change;
Change Management;
Transformation;
Competency and Skills;
Experience and Expertise;
Talent and Talent Management;
Demographics;
Diversity;
Gender;
Nationality;
Multinational Firms and Management;
Human Resources;
Employees;
Recruitment;
Retention;
Selection and Staffing;
Innovation and Management;
Jobs and Positions;
Employment;
Human Capital;
Leadership;
Leadership Development;
Leadership Style;
Leading Change;
Management Practices and Processes;
Marketing;
Brands and Branding;
Product Marketing;
Organizations;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Organizational Structure;
Personal Development and Career;
Planning;
Strategic Planning;
Problems and Challenges;
Networks;
Social Psychology;
Attitudes;
Power and Influence;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Business Strategy;
Advertising Industry;
Beauty and Cosmetics Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
France;
Paris
Ramarajan, Lakshmi, Vincent Dessain, and Emer Moloney. "Leading Change in Talent at L'Oréal." Harvard Business School Case 420-106, February 2020.
- 2020
- Chapter
Immigrant Networking and Collaboration: Survey Evidence from CIC
By: Sari Pekkala Kerr and William R. Kerr
Networking and the giving and receiving of advice outside of one's own firm are important features of entrepreneurship and innovation. We study how immigrants and natives utilize the potential networking opportunities provided by CIC, formerly known as the Cambridge...
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Keywords:
Immigrants;
Networking;
Advice;
Entrepreneurs;
Inventors;
Start-up Employees;
Venturing;
Co-working;
Agglomeration;
Immigration;
Entrepreneurship;
Networks;
Innovation and Invention;
Social and Collaborative Networks
Kerr, Sari Pekkala, and William R. Kerr. "Immigrant Networking and Collaboration: Survey Evidence from CIC." In The Roles of Immigrants and Foreign Students in U.S. Science, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship, edited by Ina Ganguli, Shulamit Kahn, and Megan MacGarvie. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2020.
- 2021
- Working Paper
Impact Investing: A Theory of Financing Social Enterprises
By: Benjamin N. Roth
I present a model of financing social enterprises to delineate the role of impact investors relative to “pure” philanthropists. I characterize the optimal scale and structure of a social enterprise when financed by grants, and when financed by investments. Impact...
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Roth, Benjamin N. "Impact Investing: A Theory of Financing Social Enterprises." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-078, February 2020. (Revised June 2021.)
- January 2020
- Case
The Origins of Bell Labs
By: Tom Nicholas and John Masko
In 1947, scientists at Bell Labs invented the transistor—a tiny signal amplifier that would go on to become the fundamental building block of the digital age. But, confounding most traditional economic assumptions, it was not a vigorous startup that made this momentous...
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Keywords:
Business History;
Innovation Leadership;
Technological Innovation;
Patents;
Monopoly;
Organizational Structure;
Competitive Strategy;
Telecommunications Industry;
Boston;
Massachusetts;
New York (city, NY)
Nicholas, Tom, and John Masko. "The Origins of Bell Labs." Harvard Business School Case 820-081, January 2020.
- 2020
- Book
Competing in the Age of AI: Strategy and Leadership When Algorithms and Networks Run the World
By: Marco Iansiti and Karim R. Lakhani
In industry after industry, data, analytics, and AI-driven processes are transforming the nature of work. While we often still treat AI as the domain of a specific skill, business function, or sector, we have entered a new era in which AI is challenging the very...
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Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence;
Technological Innovation;
Change;
Competition;
Strategy;
Leadership;
Business Processes;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
AI and Machine Learning
Iansiti, Marco, and Karim R. Lakhani. Competing in the Age of AI: Strategy and Leadership When Algorithms and Networks Run the World. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2020.
- January 2020
- Article
How Do Venture Capitalists Make Decisions?
By: Paul A. Gompers, William Gornall, Steven N. Kaplan and Ilya A. Strebulaev
We survey 885 institutional venture capitalists (VCs) at 681 firms to learn how they make decisions across eight areas: deal sourcing, investment selection, valuation, deal structure, post-investment value-added, exits, internal firm organization, and relationships...
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Gompers, Paul A., William Gornall, Steven N. Kaplan, and Ilya A. Strebulaev. "How Do Venture Capitalists Make Decisions?" Journal of Financial Economics 135, no. 1 (January 2020): 169–190.
- December 2019 (Revised February 2023)
- Case
The Dutch East India Company in 1612 (A)
By: Lynn S. Paine and Giuseppe Dari-Mattiacci
The Dutch East India Company’s board of directors must decide what to do about an impending legal requirement to liquidate the company’s assets and return to shareholders their capital and any profits earned during a ten-year lock-up period. The charter granted to the...
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Keywords:
Corporate Governance;
Globalized Firms and Management;
Organizational Structure;
Laws and Statutes;
Financial Markets;
Business and Shareholder Relations;
Business and Government Relations;
Business History;
Shipping Industry;
Netherlands
Paine, Lynn S., and Giuseppe Dari-Mattiacci. "The Dutch East India Company in 1612 (A)." Harvard Business School Case 320-047, December 2019. (Revised February 2023.)
- December 2019 (Revised December 2019)
- Supplement
The Dutch East India Company in 1612 (B)
By: Lynn S. Paine and Giuseppe Dari-Mattiacci
The case relates the decision made in the A case and what happened in the aftermath.
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Keywords:
Corporate Governance;
Globalized Firms and Management;
Organizational Structure;
Laws and Statutes;
Financial Markets;
Business and Shareholder Relations;
Business and Government Relations;
Business History;
Shipping Industry;
Netherlands
Paine, Lynn S., and Giuseppe Dari-Mattiacci. "The Dutch East India Company in 1612 (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 320-048, December 2019. (Revised December 2019.)
- October 2019
- Case
Impax Laboratories: Executing Accretive Acquisitions (A)
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel Fisher
Impax Laboratories was a technology-based pharmaceutical company that used a “dual platform” strategy to sell both generic and branded treatments. While Impax had grown organically for most of its history, it was beginning to use major acquisitions for growth. In the...
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Keywords:
Financial Reporting;
Financial Statements;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Capital Structure;
Competition;
Competitive Advantage;
Corporate Strategy;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
United States
Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "Impax Laboratories: Executing Accretive Acquisitions (A)." Harvard Business School Case 220-030, October 2019.
- October 2019
- Supplement
Impax Laboratories: Executing Accretive Transactions (A)
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel Fisher
Impax Laboratories was a technology-based pharmaceutical company that used a “dual platform” strategy to sell both generic and branded treatments. While Impax had grown organically for most of its history, it was beginning to use major acquisitions for growth. In the...
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- August 2019 (Revised February 2020)
- Case
New Hope Liuhe: Building an Integrated Agri-Food Business
By: Forest L. Reinhardt, Shu Lin, Natalie Kindred and Nancy Hua Dai
In October 2018, LIU Chang (Angela), chairman of Beijing-based New Hope Liuhe (NHL), was considering the strategy of the firm. With $9 billion in sales and a presence in nearly 20 countries, NHL was China’s largest animal feed producer and a major pork and poultry...
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Keywords:
Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
Food;
Agribusiness;
Expansion;
Diversification;
Growth Management;
Consumer Behavior;
Change Management;
Entrepreneurship;
Organizational Structure;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Government and Politics;
Animal-Based Agribusiness;
Transformation;
Volatility;
Business Cycles;
Goods and Commodities;
Supply Chain;
Product;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Food and Beverage Industry;
China;
Asia
Reinhardt, Forest L., Shu Lin, Natalie Kindred, and Nancy Hua Dai. "New Hope Liuhe: Building an Integrated Agri-Food Business." Harvard Business School Case 720-009, August 2019. (Revised February 2020.)