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All HBS Web
(584)
- News (116)
- Research (392)
- Multimedia (1)
- Faculty Publications (143)
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- October 2011 (Revised April 2013)
- Case
Kroll Bond Rating Agency
The established credit raters were criticized for inflating the mortgage credit bubble that imploded in 2008. A new rating agency, KBRA, is considering how to capitalize on the opportunity this presents and how to enter the industry. A small group of managers have to...
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Becker, Bo. "Kroll Bond Rating Agency." Harvard Business School Case 212-034, October 2011. (Revised April 2013.)
- March 1994 (Revised June 1995)
- Background Note
Interest Rate Derivatives
By: Peter Tufano
Introduces and explains the six major interest rate derivative products: swaps, forward rate agreements, Eurodollar futures, bond options, caps/floors/collars, and swap options.
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Tufano, Peter, and Jon Headley. "Interest Rate Derivatives." Harvard Business School Background Note 294-095, March 1994. (Revised June 1995.)
- 29 Jun 2012
- Working Paper Summaries
Trade Credit and Taxes
- Research Summary
The Politics of Consumer Credit
By: Gunnar Trumbull
A combination of factors has dramatically increased consumer access to and reliance upon credit across the OECD. These factors include financial liberalization and deregulation, improvements in consumer credit information and its analysis, and a growth in debt...
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- 2022
- Working Paper
Distributional Consequences of Monetary Policy Across Races: Evidence from the U.S. Credit Register
By: Laura Alfaro, Ester Faia and Camelia Minoiu
We examine the consequences of monetary policy on racial disparities, focusing on the role of bank lending to firms through collateral and selection channels. Leveraging comprehensive loan-level data from the U.S. credit register (Y-14Q) of the Federal Reserve, we show...
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Keywords:
Monetary Policy Transmission;
Inequity;
Credit Registry;
Wealth;
Collateral Channel;
Selection;
Racial Disparity;
Racial Inequality;
Equality and Inequality;
Banks and Banking;
Credit;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Banking Industry;
United States
Alfaro, Laura, Ester Faia, and Camelia Minoiu. "Distributional Consequences of Monetary Policy Across Races: Evidence from the U.S. Credit Register." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-068, April 2022.
- January 2005 (Revised October 2005)
- Background Note
Standard & Poor's Sovereign Credit Ratings: Scales and Process
By: Rawi E. Abdelal and Christopher Bruner
Describes Standard & Poor's sovereign credit ratings scales and the credit rating process. In particular, describes the role and function of the rating committee and the analytical categories considered in arriving at a final sovereign credit rating.
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Keywords:
Financial Markets;
Credit;
Bonds;
Policy;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Measurement and Metrics;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Financial Services Industry
Abdelal, Rawi E., and Christopher Bruner. "Standard & Poor's Sovereign Credit Ratings: Scales and Process." Harvard Business School Background Note 705-027, January 2005. (Revised October 2005.)
- September 2011
- Article
How Did Increased Competition Affect Credit Ratings?
The credit rating industry has historically been dominated by just two agencies, Moody's and S&P, leading to longstanding legislative and regulatory calls for increased competition. The material entry of a third rating agency (Fitch) to the competitive landscape offers...
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Keywords:
Credit;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Competition;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Theory
Becker, Bo, and Todd Milbourn. "How Did Increased Competition Affect Credit Ratings?" Journal of Financial Economics 101, no. 3 (September 2011): 493–514.
- 2008
- Working Paper
How Did Increased Competition Affect Credit Ratings?
The credit rating industry has historically been dominated by just two agencies, Moody's and S&P, leading to longstanding legislative and regulatory calls for increased competition. The material entry of a third rating agency (Fitch) to the competitive landscape offers...
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Keywords:
Credit;
Financial Markets;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Quality;
Reputation;
Competition;
Financial Services Industry
Becker, Bo, and Todd Milbourn. "How Did Increased Competition Affect Credit Ratings?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-051, October 2008. (Revised July 2009, September 2010.)
- Article
Decreases In Readmissions Credited to Medicare's Program to Reduce Hospital Readmissions Have Been Overstated
By: Christopher Ody, Lucy Msall, Leemore S. Dafny, David Grabowski and David Cutler
Medicare’s Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) has been credited with lowering risk-adjusted readmission rates for targeted conditions at general acute care hospitals. However, these reductions appear to be illusory or overstated. This is because a...
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Keywords:
Readmission Rates;
Hospitals;
Acute Care Hospitals;
Medicare;
Myocardial Infarction;
Heart Failure;
Health Care and Treatment
Ody, Christopher, Lucy Msall, Leemore S. Dafny, David Grabowski, and David Cutler. "Decreases In Readmissions Credited to Medicare's Program to Reduce Hospital Readmissions Have Been Overstated." Health Affairs 38, no. 1 (January 2019): 36–43.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Credit and the Family: The Economic Consequences of Closing the Credit Gap of U.S. Couples
By: Olivia S. Kim
Closing disparities in credit access between spouses can help reduce consumption inequality in the household. The 2013 reversal of the Truth-in-Lending Act increased the borrowing capacity of secondary earners in equitable-distribution states but not in...
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Keywords:
Household;
Credit;
Equality and Inequality;
Income;
Policy;
Family and Family Relationships
Kim, Olivia S. "Credit and the Family: The Economic Consequences of Closing the Credit Gap of U.S. Couples." Working Paper, December 2022.
- March 1984 (Revised August 1996)
- Case
B.F. Goodrich-Rabobank Interest Rate Swap
By: Jay O. Light
A U.S. manufacturing organization and a Eurobank swap fixed and floating rate obligations to reduce their financing costs.
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Keywords:
Financing and Loans;
Cost Management;
Production;
Interest Rates;
Credit Derivatives and Swaps;
Auto Industry;
Financial Services Industry;
United States
Light, Jay O. "B.F. Goodrich-Rabobank Interest Rate Swap." Harvard Business School Case 284-080, March 1984. (Revised August 1996.)
- May 2005 (Revised January 2006)
- Case
Ticonderoga: Inverse Floating Rate Bond
Presents a simple interest hedging exercise. A hedge fund is considering an investment in a structured fixed--income product: an inverse floating-rate bond, or inverse floater, designed by a U.S. investment bank. The hedge fund's normal policy is to hedge interest rate...
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Keywords:
Risk and Uncertainty;
Credit Derivatives and Swaps;
Bonds;
Investment Funds;
Interest Rates
Chacko, George C., and Anders Sjoman. "Ticonderoga: Inverse Floating Rate Bond." Harvard Business School Case 205-113, May 2005. (Revised January 2006.)
- September 2008
- Article
Firm Heterogeneity and Credit Risk Diversification
By: Samuel G. Hanson, M. Hashem Pesaran and Til Schuermann
This paper examines the impact of neglected heterogeneity on credit risk. We show that neglecting heterogeneity in firm returns and/or default thresholds leads to under estimation of expected losses (EL), and its effect on portfolio risk is ambiguous. Once EL is...
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Keywords:
Volatility;
Credit;
Investment Return;
Outcome or Result;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Loss;
Diversification;
Complexity;
United States
Hanson, Samuel G., M. Hashem Pesaran, and Til Schuermann. "Firm Heterogeneity and Credit Risk Diversification." Journal of Empirical Finance 15, no. 4 (September 2008): 583–612.
- January 2008 (Revised July 2010)
- Case
Wal-Mart's Use of Interest Rate Swaps
"Wal-Mart's Use of Interest Rate Swaps" recounts Wal-Mart's use of interest rate swaps to hedge the fair value of its fixed-rate debt against changing interest rates. This case provides students with a foundation for understanding the use of and accounting for more...
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Keywords:
Fair Value Accounting;
Financial Statements;
Credit Derivatives and Swaps;
Financial Strategy;
Interest Rates;
Corporate Disclosure
Kimbrough, Michael D., Michael Faulkender, Nicole Thorne Jenkins, and Rachel Gordon. "Wal-Mart's Use of Interest Rate Swaps." Harvard Business School Case 108-038, January 2008. (Revised July 2010.)
- 2014
- Working Paper
Corporate Financial Policies in Misvalued Credit Markets
By: Jarrad Harford, Marc Martos-Vila and Matthew Rhodes-Kropf
We theoretically and empirically investigate the repercussions of credit market misvaluation for a firm's borrowing and investment decisions. Using an ex-post measure of the accuracy of credit ratings to capture debt market misvaluation, we find evidence that firms...
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Harford, Jarrad, Marc Martos-Vila, and Matthew Rhodes-Kropf. "Corporate Financial Policies in Misvalued Credit Markets." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-097, April 2014.
- 03 Nov 2010
- Working Paper Summaries
How Did Increased Competition Affect Credit Ratings?
- 23 Jan 2023
- Research & Ideas
After High-Profile Failures, Can Investors Still Trust Credit Ratings?
During the financial crisis of 2008, major credit rating agencies faced sharp criticism for failing to recognize and warn of the risks of emerging instruments like mortgage-backed securities. Since that...
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Keywords:
by Ben Rand
- March 2021
- Article
Loan Guarantees and Credit Supply
By: Natalie Bachas, Olivia S. Kim and Constantine Yannelis
The efficiency of federal lending guarantees depends on whether guarantees increase lending supply or simply act as a subsidy to lenders. We use notches in the guarantee rate schedule for Small Business Administration (SBA) loans to estimate the elasticity of bank...
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Bachas, Natalie, Olivia S. Kim, and Constantine Yannelis. "Loan Guarantees and Credit Supply." Journal of Financial Economics 139, no. 3 (March 2021): 872–894.
- Research Summary
Individual Credit Constraints in Rural India (w/ Sendhil Mullainathan)
Credit access for the poor has recently been given center stage in the international policy arena. A plethora of reports and case studies have emphasized the enormous returns that micro-businesses face: the Year of Microcredit website notes that studies conducted in...
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