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All HBS Web
(247)
- News (45)
- Research (166)
- Events (1)
- Multimedia (3)
- Faculty Publications (59)
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- 09 Mar 2020
- Research & Ideas
Warring Algorithms Could Be Driving Up Consumer Prices
being in second place, it’s a pretty good place to be.” Consumers end up paying more To study how pricing algorithms affect competition, MacKay and Brown collected detailed pricing data from five large,...
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- January 2009
- Teaching Note
Biocon: Launching a New Cancer Drug in India (TN)
By: Sunil Gupta and Das Narayandas
Teaching Note for [508026].
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- 22 Feb 2016
- Research & Ideas
The ‘Mother of Fair Trade’ was an Unabashed Price Protectionist
fascinating character to animate sometimes dry legalese.” Gleason’s quest for fair trade, or price protection, would not be easy. First off, the term “fair trade” in the 1930s had a different meaning than it does today when we use it to...
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- Article
Undermining Value-Based Purchasing — Lessons from the Pharmaceutical Industry
By: Leemore S. Dafny, Christopher Ody and Matt Schmitt
The analogy between value-based purchasing in pharmaceuticals and the new frontier of alternative payment models for health care providers is relatively straightforward. Insurers are increasingly demanding steep discounts from providers in exchange for inclusion in...
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Keywords:
Drug Copayment Coupons;
Prescription Drug Policy;
Health Care and Treatment;
Insurance;
Cost;
Policy;
Pharmaceutical Industry
Dafny, Leemore S., Christopher Ody, and Matt Schmitt. "Undermining Value-Based Purchasing — Lessons from the Pharmaceutical Industry." New England Journal of Medicine 375, no. 21 (November 24, 2016): 2013–2015.
- December 2022
- Article
The Contribution of Price Growth to Pharmaceutical Revenue Growth in the United States: Evidence from Medicines Sold in Retail Pharmacies
By: Pragya Kakani, Michael Chernew and Amitabh Chandra
Context: To what extent does pharmaceutical revenue growth depend on new medicines versus increasing prices for existing medicines? Moreover, does using list prices, as is commonly done, instead of prices net of confidential rebates offered by manufacturers, which are...
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Kakani, Pragya, Michael Chernew, and Amitabh Chandra. "The Contribution of Price Growth to Pharmaceutical Revenue Growth in the United States: Evidence from Medicines Sold in Retail Pharmacies." Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 47, no. 6 (December 2022): 629–648.
- October 2014 (Revised April 2023)
- Case
Gilead: Hepatitis C Access Strategy (A)
By: V. Kasturi Rangan, Vikram Rangan and David E. Bloom
Gilead had come up with an innovative drug for Hepatitis C, which affected 180 million people worldwide. The drug was priced at $1,000 a pill for the US market. Gilead had to decide how to price and market the pill in developing countries that bore the brunt of the...
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Keywords:
Healthcare;
Pharmaceuticals;
Pricing;
Access To Care;
Emerging Markets;
Health Care and Treatment;
Price;
Strategy;
Ethics;
Health Industry;
Pharmaceutical Industry
Rangan, V. Kasturi, Vikram Rangan, and David E. Bloom. "Gilead: Hepatitis C Access Strategy (A)." Harvard Business School Case 515-025, October 2014. (Revised April 2023.)
- January 2016 (Revised July 2018)
- Case
Cyberdyne: A Leap to the Future
By: Doug J. Chung and Mayuka Yamazaki
Cyberdyne Inc. was a Japanese technology venture that wanted to commercialize a hybrid assistive limb (HAL). HAL was a robotic exoskeleton system for people who had difficulty walking due to nervous system disabilities resulting from stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI),...
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Keywords:
Go-to-market Strategy;
Pricing;
Sales Channel;
Technological Innovation;
Marketing;
Sales;
Distribution;
Strategy;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
Chung, Doug J., and Mayuka Yamazaki. "Cyberdyne: A Leap to the Future." Harvard Business School Case 516-072, January 2016. (Revised July 2018.)
- March 2015 (Revised January 2024)
- Case
CV Ingenuity (A): How to Evaluate the Commercial Viability of New Health Care Technologies
By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Andrew Otazo
Duke Rohlen (HBS MBA ’01) hoped to win over a prominent venture capital investor for Series B financing of his firm CVI that was creating a drug-eluting balloon (DES) to treat peripheral arterial disease. As a second-mover, Duke felt he was more likely to acquire...
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Keywords:
CV Ingenuity;
CVI;
Drug Eluting Balloon;
DEB;
Drug Eluting Stent;
Angioplasty Balloon;
FoxHollow;
Medical Device;
Medical Device Startup;
Premarket Approval;
PMA;
Lutonix;
Stellarex;
LEVANT;
ILLUMENATE;
Clinical Trials;
Peripheral Arterial Disease;
PAD;
Healthcare Startups;
Covidien;
Health Care and Treatment;
Health Testing and Trials;
Business Startups;
Commercialization;
Health Industry;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
United States;
Europe
Herzlinger, Regina E., and Andrew Otazo. "CV Ingenuity (A): How to Evaluate the Commercial Viability of New Health Care Technologies." Harvard Business School Case 315-045, March 2015. (Revised January 2024.)
- July 2001 (Revised August 2005)
- Case
Medicines Company, The
It is early 2001 and the Medicines Co. just received FDA approval to market Angiomax, a blood thinner to be used during angioplasties and heart procedures. It is intended to be a better alternative to Heparin, an 80-year-old drug that costs less then $10 per dose. The...
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Keywords:
Business Model;
Change Management;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Cost Management;
Price;
Product Marketing;
Product Launch;
Product Development;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Health Industry;
Pharmaceutical Industry
Gourville, John T. "Medicines Company, The." Harvard Business School Case 502-006, July 2001. (Revised August 2005.)
- August 2001 (Revised March 2008)
- Case
Helios Health (A)
By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Alfred Martin
Helios PC system provides personalized drug information to the patients in the doctor's waiting room. It has met with considerable consumer acceptance and a very high return for the drug companies that sponsor it. What price should it charge them for the service?
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Keywords:
Entrepreneurship;
Price;
Health Care and Treatment;
Information Publishing;
Innovation and Invention;
Product Marketing;
Demand and Consumers;
Health Industry;
Pharmaceutical Industry
Herzlinger, Regina E., and Alfred Martin. "Helios Health (A)." Harvard Business School Case 302-022, August 2001. (Revised March 2008.)
- September 1991 (Revised February 1993)
- Case
Burroughs Wellcome and AZT (A)
Burroughs Wellcome Co., developer of AZT, the first drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), finds itself under siege in September 1989 by AIDS activists and various segments of the U.S....
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Keywords:
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Ethics;
Business and Government Relations;
Communication Strategy;
Health Care and Treatment;
Monopoly;
Intellectual Property;
Research and Development;
Price;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
London
Emmons, Willis M., III. "Burroughs Wellcome and AZT (A)." Harvard Business School Case 792-004, September 1991. (Revised February 1993.)
- March 1993
- Supplement
Burroughs Wellcome and AZT (B)
Describes Burroughs Wellcome's response to protests over the pricing of its AIDS drug AZT in September 1989. Also presents short-term reactions by government officials, AIDS activists, and investors to Burroughs Wellcome's strategy.
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Keywords:
Ethics;
Health Pandemics;
Multinational Firms and Management;
Price;
Crime and Corruption;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Business Strategy;
Business and Community Relations;
Business and Government Relations;
Business and Shareholder Relations;
Pharmaceutical Industry
Emmons, Willis M., III. "Burroughs Wellcome and AZT (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 793-114, March 1993.
- April 2017
- Supplement
Imprimis (C)
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Karen Elterman and Marc Appel
This case is a supplement to Imprimis (A & B). Set in 2015, it first describes Imprimis’s decision to introduce its own line of compounded eye drop medication called LessDrops. The case then examines the moral dilemma faced by CEO Mark Baum, who was struck by the...
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Keywords:
Health Care and Treatment;
Cost;
Moral Sensibility;
Competitive Strategy;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
United States
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Karen Elterman, and Marc Appel. "Imprimis (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 717-497, April 2017.
- April 2017
- Supplement
Imprimis (D)
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Karen Elterman and Marc Appel
This case is a supplement to Imprimis (A, B, & C). It describes Imprimis’s 2015 decision to develop a $1 per pill compounded alternative to Daraprim, the branded drug that had recently undergone an extreme price hike, raising its price to $750 per pill. Imprimis also...
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Keywords:
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
United States
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Karen Elterman, and Marc Appel. "Imprimis (D)." Harvard Business School Supplement 717-498, April 2017.
- Working Paper
Rebates in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Evidence from Medicines Sold in Retail Pharmacies in the U.S.
By: Pragya Kakani, Michael Chernew and Amitabh Chandra
Rising list prices are often used to illustrate the burden of prescription drug spending, but payers routinely negotiate rebates from manufacturers that generate differences between list and net prices. List prices are easily available and affect patient cost-sharing,...
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Keywords:
Pharmaceuticals;
Rebates;
Health Care and Treatment;
Markets;
Price;
Analysis;
Pharmaceutical Industry
Kakani, Pragya, Michael Chernew, and Amitabh Chandra. "Rebates in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Evidence from Medicines Sold in Retail Pharmacies in the U.S." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 26846, March 2020.
- August 2001
- Case
Pharmaceutical Industry and the AIDS Crisis in Developing Countries, The
Explores the controversy over the pricing of AIDS drugs in poor countries. This issue has received wide publicity due to two events: 1) a court case in South Africa that seeks to force drug companies to license their patents and 2) the announcement by the Indian...
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Keywords:
Competition;
Developing Countries and Economies;
Business and Government Relations;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
South Africa;
India
Kennedy, Robert E. "Pharmaceutical Industry and the AIDS Crisis in Developing Countries, The." Harvard Business School Case 702-010, August 2001.
- September 2014 (Revised February 2015)
- Case
Pfizer and AstraZeneca: Marketing an Acquisition (A)
By: John A. Quelch and James Weber
In 2014, Pfizer proposed a friendly acquisition of AstraZeneca, but the AstraZeneca board resisted over price and strategy concerns. Was this good for pharmaceutical consumers? Pfizer, like pharmaceutical companies in general, faced difficulties in growing sales due to...
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Keywords:
Health Care Policy;
Mergers And Acquisitions;
Marketing;
Government Relations;
Crisis Management;
Decision Making;
Growth and Development;
Management;
Markets;
Strategy;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
United Kingdom;
United States
Quelch, John A., and James Weber. "Pfizer and AstraZeneca: Marketing an Acquisition (A)." Harvard Business School Case 515-007, September 2014. (Revised February 2015.)
- June 2003 (Revised May 2006)
- Case
Cipla
By: Rohit Deshpande and Laura Winig
The head of Cipla, a $325-million-dollar Indian pharmaceutical company and seller of low-cost AIDS drugs to South Africa, must decide what to do about Cipla's future. With India poised to enforce international patents in only two years, much of Cipla's product line...
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- August 2008 (Revised September 2008)
- Supplement
The Flaxil Label (C): Debrief and Endnotes
This case focuses on the 2001 negotiation between Mytex Pharmaceuticals and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The outcome of the negotiation would determine the new label for Mytex's blockbuster drug for arthritis, Flaxil. The negotiation is quite...
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Keywords:
Safety;
Value Creation;
Negotiation;
Health Care and Treatment;
Sales;
Pharmaceutical Industry
Barron, Greg M. "The Flaxil Label (C): Debrief and Endnotes." Harvard Business School Supplement 909-003, August 2008. (Revised September 2008.)
- October 2005 (Revised January 2021)
- Case
Pharmaceutical Industry in 2005, The
By: John R. Wells and Elizabeth Raabe
The entire pharmaceutical industry faced uncertain times in 2005. Many of the industry's most pressing issues—patent expirations, new drug pipeline development, price pressures, regulatory issues, and political pressures—were long standing. Fundamentally new...
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Keywords:
Strategy;
Research and Development;
Framework;
Change;
Competition;
Technological Innovation;
Pharmaceutical Industry
Wells, John R., and Elizabeth Raabe. "Pharmaceutical Industry in 2005, The." Harvard Business School Case 706-423, October 2005. (Revised January 2021.)