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- June 2004 (Revised April 2005)
- Background Note
Environmental Law in Real Estate Transactions
By: Arthur I Segel, Jeff Mandelbaum and Armen Panossian
Summarizes several of the major federal environmental statutes, most notably the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act ("CERCLA" or "Superfund"). Also discusses several state and local regulations.
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Segel, Arthur I., Jeff Mandelbaum, and Armen Panossian. "Environmental Law in Real Estate Transactions." Harvard Business School Background Note 804-185, June 2004. (Revised April 2005.)
- 2016
- Working Paper
Executive Compensation and Environmental Harm
By: Dylan Minor
We explore the relationship between managerial incentives and environmental harm. We find that high-powered executive compensation packages can increase the odds of environmental law breaking by 40%–60% and the magnitude of environmental harm by over 100%. We document...
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Keywords:
Misconduct;
Environmental Performance;
Accounting Scandal;
Sustainable Finance;
Crime and Corruption;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Executive Compensation;
Environmental Sustainability;
Corporate Governance
Minor, Dylan. "Executive Compensation and Environmental Harm." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-076, January 2016. (Revised April 2016.)
- February 1994 (Revised August 1994)
- Background Note
Note on Contingent Environmental Liabilities
Addresses contingent environmental liabilities that are the result of unforeseen environmental risks where the dollar amount of such liabilities is unknown and depends on future events. In contrast, fines for violating environmental laws are liabilities, but are not...
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Keywords:
Legal Liability;
Risk Management;
Natural Environment;
Laws and Statutes;
Pollutants;
Governance Compliance;
United States
Vietor, Richard H.K., and Forest L. Reinhardt. "Note on Contingent Environmental Liabilities." Harvard Business School Background Note 794-098, February 1994. (Revised August 1994.)
- 08 Sep 2008
- HBS Case
The Value of Environmental Activists
There are many methods, most financial, to measure the success of companies in meeting goals. But the question becomes a lot harder at Harvard Business School when MBAs are challenged to measure the efforts of environmental organizations like Greenpeace and the World...
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- 12 Dec 2005
- Research & Ideas
Using the Law to Strategic Advantage
Most managers think the legal department is that office down the hall where they go to keep out of trouble or write a binding patent agreement. And that's shortsighted, says Harvard Business School professor Constance Bagley. A company that makes proactive use of the...
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- 2011
- Article
Regulatory Uncertainty and Corporate Responses to Environmental Protection in China
By: Christopher Marquis, Jianjun Zhang and Yanhua Zhou
We develop a framework to analyze the closing gap between regulation and enforcement of environmental protection in China and present a number of resulting implications for doing business there. We identify three major dimensions that characterize change in regulatory...
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Keywords:
Framework;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Law Enforcement;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Emerging Markets;
Business Ventures;
Alignment;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Natural Environment;
Motivation and Incentives;
Management Practices and Processes;
Competitive Strategy;
China
Marquis, Christopher, Jianjun Zhang, and Yanhua Zhou. "Regulatory Uncertainty and Corporate Responses to Environmental Protection in China." California Management Review 54, no. 1 (Fall 2011): 39–63.
- 28 Apr 2010
- Working Paper Summaries
Environmental Federalism in the European Union and the United States
- 26 Apr 2011
- Op-Ed
HBS Faculty Comment on Environmental Issues for Earth Day
Earth Day focuses the world's attention on the both the dangers and opportunities facing the planet. But sustainability and the intersection between business and the environment are issues that need to be addressed all the time, as cities grow, resources diminish, and...
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- February 1984 (Revised March 1984)
- Teaching Note
Environmental Protection Agency: Emergency Pesticide Exemptions, Teaching Note
By: David E. Bell
- August 2012 (Revised September 2013)
- Case
EnerNOC: DemandSMART
By: Michael W. Toffel, Kira Fabrizio and Stephanie van Sice
EnerNOC is an energy company with an innovative business model: it serves as an intermediary between electric utilities and electricity users. It contracts with electricity users willing to reduce demand during periods of peak energy demand, and sells this as excess...
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Keywords:
Production Planning;
Productivity;
Environmental Protection;
Energy;
Environment;
Business Government Relations;
Laws And Regulation;
Business Model;
Environmental Sustainability;
Innovation and Invention;
Opportunities;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Supply Chain Management;
Production;
Energy Conservation;
Energy Industry
Toffel, Michael W., Kira Fabrizio, and Stephanie van Sice. "EnerNOC: DemandSMART." Harvard Business School Case 613-036, August 2012. (Revised September 2013.)
- 1993
- Chapter
The Law of the Sea Conference: Lessons for Negotiations to Control Global Warming
Keywords:
Negotiation;
Climate Change;
Environmental Sustainability;
Agreements and Arrangements;
International Relations
Sebenius, James K. "The Law of the Sea Conference: Lessons for Negotiations to Control Global Warming." In International Environmental Negotiation, edited by Gunnar Sjostedt, 189–216. Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE Publications, 1993.
- 2019
- Working Paper
Golden Opportunity? Voluntary Sustainability Standards for Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
By: Kristin Sippl
While much is known about voluntary sustainability standards' contributions to certain issues in certain sectors, less is known about their contributions to the realization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper helps balance the...
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Keywords:
Sustainability Standards;
Gold;
Certification;
Eco-labeling;
International Law;
Extractive Industries;
Fair Trade;
United Nations;
Sustainable Development;
Environmental Sustainability;
Standards;
Adoption;
Governance;
Global Range;
Luxury;
Mining Industry
Sippl, Kristin. "Golden Opportunity? Voluntary Sustainability Standards for Artisanal Mining and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-024, September 2018. (Revised April 2019. Revise and Resubmit.)
- December 2012 (Revised November 2014)
- Case
W.R. Grace & Co.: Dealing with Asbestos Torts
By: Stuart C. Gilson and Sarah L. Abbott
A manufacturer of building products and specialty chemicals, W. R. Grace & Co. filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2001 in response to a flood of lawsuits alleging that its products contained asbestos, and had caused hundreds of thousands of people to contract...
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Keywords:
Bankruptcy Reorganization;
Business Failures;
Environmental Regulations;
Class Action Lawsuits;
Natural Environment;
Valuation;
Health Disorders;
Capital Structure;
Restructuring;
Lawsuits and Litigation;
Chemicals;
Crisis Management;
Insolvency and Bankruptcy;
Legal Liability;
Construction Industry;
Chemical Industry;
United States
Gilson, Stuart C., and Sarah L. Abbott. "W.R. Grace & Co.: Dealing with Asbestos Torts." Harvard Business School Case 213-046, December 2012. (Revised November 2014.)
- March 2017 (Revised June 2019)
- Case
CEO Activism (A)
By: Michael W. Toffel, Aaron K. Chatterji and Julia Kelley
This case introduces CEO activism, a phenomenon in which business leaders engage in political or social issues that do not relate directly to their companies. The case uses several examples to describe why business leaders are engaging in CEO activism and the potential...
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Keywords:
Leadership & Corporate Accountability;
Environmental And Social Sustainability;
Environment;
Climate Change;
Gender Equality;
Communication Strategy;
Moral Sensibility;
Values and Beliefs;
Leadership;
Law;
Rights;
Risk Management;
Media;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Religion;
Expansion;
Strategy;
Social Issues;
Consumer Products Industry;
Electronics Industry;
Technology Industry;
United States;
Indiana;
North Carolina
Toffel, Michael W., Aaron K. Chatterji, and Julia Kelley. "CEO Activism (A)." Harvard Business School Case 617-001, March 2017. (Revised June 2019.)
- January 2013
- Case
Luotang Power: Variances Explained
By: Robert Simons and Craig Chapman
The general manager of Luotang Power, a coal-fired power plant located in central China, reviews annual results before a meeting with the board of directors. He thought the company performed well during the year and both plant availability and fuel economy had improved...
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Keywords:
China;
Financial Statements;
Management Accounting;
Variance Analysis;
Environmental Regulations;
Incentives;
Electric Power Generation;
Contracts;
Valuation;
Energy Generation;
Accounting;
Performance Evaluation;
Energy Industry;
China
Simons, Robert, and Craig Chapman. "Luotang Power: Variances Explained." Harvard Business School Brief Case 913-533, January 2013.
- May 2008
- Article
Coerced Confessions: Self-Policing in the Shadow of the Regulator
By: Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
As part of a recent trend toward more cooperative relations between regulators and industry, novel government programs are encouraging firms to monitor their own regulatory compliance and voluntarily report their own violations. In this study, we examine how regulatory...
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Keywords:
Governance Compliance;
Law Enforcement;
Corporate Disclosure;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Environmental Sustainability;
Programs;
Power and Influence;
Organizations;
Decisions;
Business and Government Relations;
United States
Short, Jodi L., and Michael W. Toffel. "Coerced Confessions: Self-Policing in the Shadow of the Regulator." Journal of Law, Economics & Organization 24, no. 1 (May 2008): 45–71.
- March 2008 (Revised April 2009)
- Case
The Xiamen PX Project: The Rule of Contract or Citizens in China Today
This case examines the effect of environmental activism on China's investment climate, focusing on the petrochemical sector. It shows how tensions between a country's national economic development goals and political constraints make for a more unpredictable investment...
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Keywords:
Developing Countries and Economies;
Investment;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Business and Government Relations;
Environmental Sustainability;
Conflict and Resolution;
China
Abrami, Regina M., and Weiqi Zhang. "The Xiamen PX Project: The Rule of Contract or Citizens in China Today." Harvard Business School Case 808-123, March 2008. (Revised April 2009.)
- October 1992 (Revised August 1994)
- Case
Allied-Signal: Managing the Hazardous Waste Liability Risk
By: Richard H.K. Vietor and Edward Prewitt
Allied-Signal, Inc., one of the world's oldest chemical companies and today a diversified conglomerate, is liable for clean-up costs of old hazardous waste sites. These costs are substantial: reserves grew to nearly $500 million in 1991. Attempting to avoid further...
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Keywords:
Wastes and Waste Processing;
Environmental Sustainability;
Programs;
Cost Management;
Policy;
Government Legislation;
Factories, Labs, and Plants;
Governance Compliance;
Legal Liability;
Chemical Industry;
United States;
Europe
Vietor, Richard H.K., and Edward Prewitt. "Allied-Signal: Managing the Hazardous Waste Liability Risk." Harvard Business School Case 793-044, October 1992. (Revised August 1994.)
- August 2021
- Case
Danone S.A.: Becoming a Mission-Driven Company (A)
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Emilie Billaud
Emmanuel Faber became CEO of Danone SA, the French food and beverage company, in 2014. Right from the start, he ran the company with a dual commitment to both profit and purpose (i.e., ESG objectives). In fact, in 2018, he said, “It’s time to make sustainable business...
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Keywords:
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Corporate Governance;
Leadership;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Mission and Purpose;
Environmental Sustainability;
Goals and Objectives;
Consumer Products Industry;
Food and Beverage Industry;
France;
Europe
Esty, Benjamin C., and Emilie Billaud. "Danone S.A.: Becoming a Mission-Driven Company (A)." Harvard Business School Case 722-354, August 2021.
- 23 Jan 2014
- Working Paper Summaries
Tommy Koh: Background and Major Accomplishments of the ’Great Negotiator, 2014
Keywords:
by James K. Sebenius & Laurence A. Green