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- Faculty Publications (196)
Patents →
- 2015
- Working Paper
Financial Patent Quality: Finance Patents After State Street
By: Josh Lerner, Andrew Speen, Mark Baker and Ann Leamon
In the past two decades, patents of inventions related to financial services ("finance patents"), as well as litigation around these patents, have surged. One of the repeated concerns voiced by academics and practitioners alike has been about the quality of these...
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Lerner, Josh, Andrew Speen, Mark Baker, and Ann Leamon. "Financial Patent Quality: Finance Patents After State Street." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-068, December 2015.
- 2015
- Chapter
Information Technology and the Distribution of Inventive Activity
By: Chris Forman, Avi Goldfarb and Shane Greenstein
We examine the relationship between the diffusion of advanced Internet technology and the geographic concentration of invention, as measured by patents. First, we show that patenting became more concentrated from the early 1990s to the early 2000s and, similarly, that...
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Forman, Chris, Avi Goldfarb, and Shane Greenstein. "Information Technology and the Distribution of Inventive Activity." In The Changing Frontier: Rethinking Science and Innovation Policy, edited by Adam Jaffe and Benjamin Jones, 169–196. University of Chicago Press, 2015.
- June 2015 (Revised January 2017)
- Case
Epistar and the Global LED Market
By: Willy C. Shih, Chen-Fu Chien and Hung-Kai Wang
It took BJ Lee many years to learn how to navigate the patent minefield that was the global LED industry. When his company was first spun off from the Industrial Technology Research Institute in Taiwan, he thought the essence of a good IP strategy was to develop a...
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Keywords:
Intellectual Property Management;
Patenting;
Patent Litigation;
Intellectual Property;
Patents;
Electronics Industry;
Semiconductor Industry;
Asia;
United States;
Japan;
Taiwan
Shih, Willy C., Chen-Fu Chien, and Hung-Kai Wang. "Epistar and the Global LED Market." Harvard Business School Case 615-053, June 2015. (Revised January 2017.)
- June 2015
- Article
Standard-Essential Patents
By: Josh Lerner and Jean Tirole
A major policy issue in standard setting is that patents that are ex-ante not that important may, by being included into the standard, become standard-essential patents (SEPs). In an attempt to curb the monopoly power that they create, most standard-setting...
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Lerner, Josh, and Jean Tirole. "Standard-Essential Patents." Journal of Political Economy 123, no. 3 (June 2015): 547–586.
- 2014
- Article
Are Patents Creative or Destructive?
By: Tom Nicholas
Current debate over patent aggregation has led to renewed interest in the long-standing question concerning whether patents are a creative or a destructive influence on the process of technological development. In this paper I examine the basic patent tradeoff between...
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Nicholas, Tom. "Are Patents Creative or Destructive?" Antitrust Law Journal 79, no. 2 (2014): 405–421.
- Article
Did Bank Distress Stifle Innovation During the Great Depression?
By: Ramana Nanda and Tom Nicholas
We find a negative relationship between bank distress and the level, quality, and trajectory of firm-level innovation during the Great Depression, particularly for R&D firms operating in capital intensive industries. However, we also show that because a sufficient...
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Keywords:
Great Depression;
R&D;
Bank Distress;
Patents;
Research and Development;
Financial Crisis;
Banks and Banking;
Innovation and Invention;
Banking Industry;
United States
Nanda, Ramana, and Tom Nicholas. "Did Bank Distress Stifle Innovation During the Great Depression?" Journal of Financial Economics 114, no. 2 (November 2014): 273–292.
- 2018
- Working Paper
Patent Trolls: Evidence from Targeted Firms
By: Lauren Cohen, Umit G. Gurun and Scott Duke Kominers
We provide the first large-sample evidence on the behavior and impact of non-practicing entities (NPEs) in the intellectual property space. We find that on average, NPEs appear to behave as opportunistic “patent trolls.” NPEs sue cash-rich firms—and target cash in...
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Keywords:
Patent Trolls;
NPEs;
PAEs;
Innovation;
Patents;
Ethics;
Lawsuits and Litigation;
Innovation and Invention;
Corporate Finance
Cohen, Lauren, Umit G. Gurun, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Patent Trolls: Evidence from Targeted Firms." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 15-002, July 2014. (Revised June 2018.)
- May 2014
- Supplement
RCA: Color Television and the Department of Justice (B)
By: Willy C. Shih and Gregory Dieterich
This case is a supplement to 614-072, which examines the early history of the color television receiver market, and the global consequences of an historic 1958 consent decree with the U.S. Department of Justice that opened RCA's patents to licensing by domestic...
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Keywords:
Intellectual Property;
Patents;
Rights;
Business Strategy;
Competitive Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
Business History;
Information Technology;
Information Infrastructure;
Communications Industry;
Media and Broadcasting Industry;
Electronics Industry;
United States;
Japan
Shih, Willy C., and Gregory Dieterich. "RCA: Color Television and the Department of Justice (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 614-073, May 2014.
- May 2014 (Revised July 2016)
- Case
RCA: Color Television and the Department of Justice (A)
By: Willy C. Shih and Gregory Dieterich
This case examines the early history of the color television receiver market and the global consequences of an historic 1958 consent decree with the U.S. Department of Justice that opened RCA's patents to licensing by domestic competitors royalty-free. This externality...
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Keywords:
Intellectual Property;
Patents;
Rights;
Business Strategy;
Competitive Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
Business History;
Information Technology;
Information Infrastructure;
Communications Industry;
Media and Broadcasting Industry;
Electronics Industry;
United States;
Japan
Shih, Willy C., and Gregory Dieterich. "RCA: Color Television and the Department of Justice (A)." Harvard Business School Case 614-072, May 2014. (Revised July 2016.)
- 2014
- Working Paper
Bio-Piracy or Prospering Together? Fuzzy Set and Qualitative Analysis of Herbal Patenting by Firms
By: Prithwiraj Choudhury and Tarun Khanna
Since the 1990s, several Western firms have filed patents based on medicinal herbs from emerging markets, evoking protests from local stakeholders against 'bio-piracy'. We explore conditions under which firms and local stakeholders share rents from such patents. Our...
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Keywords:
Rents From New Technology;
Local Stakeholders;
Herbal Patents;
QCA;
Fuzzy Set Analysis;
Qualitative Case Studies;
Plant-Based Agribusiness;
Patents;
Emerging Markets;
Health Care and Treatment;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Pharmaceutical Industry
Choudhury, Prithwiraj, and Tarun Khanna. "Bio-Piracy or Prospering Together? Fuzzy Set and Qualitative Analysis of Herbal Patenting by Firms." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-081, February 2014.
- 2018
- Working Paper
Information Provision and Innovation: Natural Experiment of Herbal Patent Prior Art Adoption at the United States and European Patent Offices
By: Prithwiraj Choudhury and Tarun Khanna
We exploit a natural experiment to study how codifying information about prior innovation affects subsequent innovation. A codified database of traditional Indian herbal formulations was adopted by the European Patent Office (EPO) and the U.S. Patent and Trademark...
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Keywords:
Patents;
Plant-Based Agribusiness;
Ethnicity;
Health Care and Treatment;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
China;
India
Choudhury, Prithwiraj, and Tarun Khanna. "Information Provision and Innovation: Natural Experiment of Herbal Patent Prior Art Adoption at the United States and European Patent Offices." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-079, February 2014. (Revised January 2018.)
- January 2014
- Supplement
Fred Khosravi and AccessClosure (C)
By: Richard Hamermesh and Lauren Barley
On September 11, 2013, the three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit denied St. Jude's request to rehear an appeal on the "double patenting" ruling for the '439 patent. Further, it removed the injunction threat that was hanging over the...
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Keywords:
Medical Devices;
Vascular Closure Device;
Patent Litigation;
Patenting;
Biomedical Research;
Biotechnology;
Biotech;
Technological Innovation;
Patents;
Health Care and Treatment;
Biotechnology Industry;
United States
Hamermesh, Richard, and Lauren Barley. "Fred Khosravi and AccessClosure (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 814-074, January 2014.
- January 2014
- Article
The Consequences of Entrepreneurial Finance: Evidence from Angel Financings
By: William R. Kerr, Josh Lerner and Antoinette Schoar
This paper documents that ventures that are funded by two successful angel groups experience superior outcomes to rejected ventures: they have improved survival, exits, employment, patenting, web traffic, and financing. We use strong discontinuities in angel funding...
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Keywords:
Business Ventures;
Financing and Loans;
Interests;
Employment;
Patents;
Internet and the Web;
Operations;
Entrepreneurship;
Business Exit or Shutdown
Kerr, William R., Josh Lerner, and Antoinette Schoar. "The Consequences of Entrepreneurial Finance: Evidence from Angel Financings." Review of Financial Studies 27, no. 1 (January 2014): 20–55.
- 2013
- Working Paper
Heterogeneous Technology Diffusion and Ricardian Trade Patterns
By: William R. Kerr
This study tests the importance of Ricardian technology differences for international trade. The empirical analysis has three comparative advantages: including emerging and advanced economies, isolating panel variation regarding the link between productivity and...
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Keywords:
Exports;
Comparative Advantage;
Technological Transfer;
Innovation;
Networks;
Patents;
Residency;
Technology Adoption;
Trade;
Research and Development;
Immigration;
United States
Kerr, William R. "Heterogeneous Technology Diffusion and Ricardian Trade Patterns." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-039, November 2013. (NBER Working Paper Series, No. 19657, November 2013.)
- October 2013 (Revised January 2014)
- Supplement
Fred Khosravi and AccessClosure (B)
By: Richard G. Hamermesh and Lauren Barley
It was January 2013, and Fred Khosravi, chairman of the board of AccessClosure Inc., wondered what the new year had in store for him and AccessClosure, the company he founded in late 2002. Khosravi was cautiously optimistic—the Mountain View, California-based medical...
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Keywords:
Medical Devices;
Vascular Closure Device;
Patent Litigation;
Patenting;
Biomedical Research;
Biotechnology;
Biotech;
Technological Innovation;
Patents;
Health Care and Treatment;
Biotechnology Industry;
United States;
California
Hamermesh, Richard G., and Lauren Barley. "Fred Khosravi and AccessClosure (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 814-038, October 2013. (Revised January 2014.)
- September 2013
- Article
Prizes, Publicity, and Patents: Non-Monetary Awards as a Mechanism to Encourage Innovation
By: Petra Moser and Tom Nicholas
This paper exploits the selection of prize-winning technologies among exhibitors at the Crystal Palace Exhibition in 1851 to examine whether—and how—ex post prizes that are awarded to high-quality innovations may encourage future innovation. U.S. patent data...
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Moser, Petra, and Tom Nicholas. "Prizes, Publicity, and Patents: Non-Monetary Awards as a Mechanism to Encourage Innovation." Journal of Industrial Economics 61, no. 3 (September 2013): 763–788.
- July 2013
- Article
Ethnic Innovation and U.S. Multinational Firm Activity
By: C. Fritz Foley and William R. Kerr
This paper studies the impact that immigrant innovators have on the global activities of U.S. firms by analyzing detailed data on patent applications and on the operations of the foreign affiliates of U.S. multinational firms. The results indicate that increases in the...
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Keywords:
Technology Transfer;
Innovation;
Ethnic Networks;
Patents;
Diasporas;
Ethnicity;
Multinational Firms and Management;
Competitive Advantage;
Research and Development;
Foreign Direct Investment;
Innovation and Invention;
United States
Foley, C. Fritz, and William R. Kerr. "Ethnic Innovation and U.S. Multinational Firm Activity." Management Science 59, no. 7 (July 2013): 1529–1544.
- June 2013 (Revised February 2016)
- Teaching Note
The LEGO Group: Publish or Protect?
By: Willy Shih
Senior managers at the LEGO Group are faced with a quandary: Should they patent inventions coming out of their manufacturing process development work, should they keep them as trade secrets, or should they publish them so that they would go into the public domain and...
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- May 2013
- Article
Hybrid Innovation in Meiji Japan
By: Tom Nicholas
Japan's hybrid innovation system during the Meiji era of technological modernization provides a useful laboratory for examining the effectiveness of complementary mechanisms to patents. Patents were introduced in 1885, and by 1911, 1.2 million mostly non-pecuniary...
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Keywords:
Prizes;
Technological Innovation;
System;
Patents;
Knowledge;
Value;
Cost vs Benefits;
Factories, Labs, and Plants;
Performance Effectiveness;
Japan
Nicholas, Tom. "Hybrid Innovation in Meiji Japan." International Economic Review 54, no. 2 (May 2013): 575–600.
- Article
Intermediary Functions and the Market for Innovation in Meiji and Taisho Japan
By: Tom Nicholas and Hiroshi Shimizu
Japan experienced a transformational phase of technological development during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. We argue that an important, but so far neglected, factor was a developing market for innovation and a patent attorney system that was...
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Nicholas, Tom, and Hiroshi Shimizu. "Intermediary Functions and the Market for Innovation in Meiji and Taisho Japan." Business History Review 87, no. 1 (Spring 2013): 121–150.