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      • Faculty Publications  (263)

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      • March 2022
      • Case

      Nexleaf Analytics: Saving the World Using the Internet of Things

      By: Frank Nagle
      In 2019, a decade after co-founding Nexleaf Analytics, CEO Nithya Ramanathan faced an important decision that would impact the ability of the small, but growing, not-for-profit organization to thrive for another decade. Their sensor technologies and big data analytics...  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Strategy; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Technological Innovation; Nonprofit Organizations; Competitive Strategy; Patents; Expansion; Information Technology; Health Industry; Information Industry; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Technology Industry
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      Nagle, Frank. "Nexleaf Analytics: Saving the World Using the Internet of Things." Harvard Business School Case 722-414, March 2022.
      • March 2022
      • Article

      Winner Takes All? Tech Clusters, Population Centers, and the Spatial Transformation of U.S. Invention

      By: Brad Chattergoon and William R. Kerr
      U.S. invention has become increasingly concentrated around major tech centers since the 1970s, with implications for how much cities across the country share in concomitant local benefits. Is invention becoming a winner-takes-all race? We explore the rising spatial...  View Details
      Keywords: Clusters; Invention; Agglomeration; Artificial Intelligence; Innovation and Invention; Patents; Applications and Software; Industry Clusters; AI and Machine Learning
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      Chattergoon, Brad, and William R. Kerr. "Winner Takes All? Tech Clusters, Population Centers, and the Spatial Transformation of U.S. Invention." Art. 104418. Research Policy 51, no. 2 (March 2022).
      • February 2022
      • Article

      Taxation and Innovation in the 20th Century

      By: Ufuk Akcigit, John Grigsby, Tom Nicholas and Stefanie Stantcheva
      This paper studies the effect of corporate and personal taxes on innovation in the United States over the twentieth century. We build a panel of the universe of inventors who patent since 1920, and a historical state-level corporate tax database with corporate tax...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation; Income Taxes; Corporate Taxation; Firms; Inventors; State Taxation; Business Taxation; R&D Tax Credits; Taxation; Innovation and Invention; History; United States
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      Akcigit, Ufuk, John Grigsby, Tom Nicholas, and Stefanie Stantcheva. "Taxation and Innovation in the 20th Century." Quarterly Journal of Economics 137, no. 1 (February 2022): 329–385.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Human Mobility and the Globalization of Knowledge Production: Causal Evidence from Multinational Enterprises

      By: Dany Bahar, Prithwiraj Choudhury, James M. Sappenfield and Sara Signorelli
      We investigate how reforms that ease or restrict human mobility affect global innovation. We leverage a unique dataset merging patent data with exhaustive information on business-related migration reforms that take place in 15 countries over 26 years, and employ a...  View Details
      Keywords: Migration; Policy Evaluation; Patents; Technology; Immigration; Policy; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Globalization
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      Bahar, Dany, Prithwiraj Choudhury, James M. Sappenfield, and Sara Signorelli. "Human Mobility and the Globalization of Knowledge Production: Causal Evidence from Multinational Enterprises." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-047, January 2022.
      • Winter 2021
      • Article

      Can Staggered Boards Improve Value? Causal Evidence from Massachusetts

      By: Robert Daines, Shelley Xin Li and Charles C.Y. Wang
      We study the effect of staggered boards (SBs) using a quasi-experiment: a 1990 law that imposed an SB on all Massachusetts-incorporated firms. The law led to an increase in Tobin's Q, investment in CAPEX and R&D, patents, higher-quality patented innovations, and...  View Details
      Keywords: Staggered Board; Entrenchment; Life-cycle; Tobin's Q; Innovation; Profitability; Investor Composition; Governing and Advisory Boards; Investment; Innovation and Invention; Institutional Investing; Value
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      Daines, Robert, Shelley Xin Li, and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Can Staggered Boards Improve Value? Causal Evidence from Massachusetts." Contemporary Accounting Research 38, no. 4 (Winter 2021): 3053–3084.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Winner Takes All? Tech Clusters, Population Centers, and the Spatial Transformation of U.S. Invention

      By: Brad Chattergoon and William R. Kerr
      U.S. invention has become increasingly concentrated around major tech centers since the 1970s, with implications for how much cities across the country share in concomitant local benefits. Is invention becoming a winner-takes-all race? We explore the rising spatial...  View Details
      Keywords: Invention; Innovation; Artificial Intelligence; Clusters; Agglomeration; Innovation and Invention; Patents; Software; Industry Clusters; United States
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      Chattergoon, Brad, and William R. Kerr. "Winner Takes All? Tech Clusters, Population Centers, and the Spatial Transformation of U.S. Invention." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-027, October 2021. (NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29456, November 2021.)
      • 2021
      • Other Unpublished Work

      Computer-Implemented Methods and Systems for Measuring, Estimating, and Managing Economic Outcomes and Technical Debt in Software Systems and Projects: US Patent 11,126,427 B2

      By: Daniel J. Sturtevant, Carliss Baldwin, Alan MacCormack, Sunny Ahn and Sean Gilliland
      An interrelated set of tools and methods is disclosed for: (1) measuring the relationship between software source code attributes (such as code quality, design quality, test quality, and complexity metrics) and software economics outcome metrics (such as...  View Details
      Keywords: Technical Debt; Software; Economics; Measurement and Metrics; Patents
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      Sturtevant, Daniel J., Carliss Baldwin, Alan MacCormack, Sunny Ahn, and Sean Gilliland. "Computer-Implemented Methods and Systems for Measuring, Estimating, and Managing Economic Outcomes and Technical Debt in Software Systems and Projects: US Patent 11,126,427 B2." Cambridge, MA, September 2021.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Financial Innovation in the 21st Century: Evidence from U.S. Patents

      By: Josh Lerner, Amit Seru, Nick Short and Yuan Sun
      We develop a unique dataset of 24 thousand U.S. finance patents granted over the last two decades to explore the evolution and production of financial innovation. We use machine learning to identify the financial patents and extensively audit the results to ensure...  View Details
      Keywords: Banking; Investment Banks; Regulation; Banks and Banking; Information Technology; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Finance; Innovation and Invention
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      Lerner, Josh, Amit Seru, Nick Short, and Yuan Sun. "Financial Innovation in the 21st Century: Evidence from U.S. Patents." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-136, June 2021.
      • June 18, 2021
      • Article

      Who Do We Invent for? Patents by Women Focus More on Women's Health, but Few Women Get to Invent

      By: Rembrand Koning, Sampsa Samila and John-Paul Ferguson
      Women engage in less commercial patenting and invention than do men, which may affect what is invented. Using text analysis of all U.S. biomedical patents filed from 1976 through 2010, we found that patents with all-female inventor teams are 35% more likely than...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation; Gender Bias; Health; Innovation and Invention; Research; Patents; Gender; Prejudice and Bias
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      Koning, Rembrand, Sampsa Samila, and John-Paul Ferguson. "Who Do We Invent for? Patents by Women Focus More on Women's Health, but Few Women Get to Invent." Science 372, no. 6548 (June 18, 2021): 1345–1348.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Standing on the Shoulders of Science

      By: Joshua Lev Krieger, Martin Watzinger and Monika Schnitzer
      Today's innovations rely on scientific discoveries of the past, yet only some corporate R&D builds directly on scientific output. We analyze U.S. patents to establish three new facts about the relationship between science and the value of inventions. First, we show...  View Details
      Keywords: Patent Novelty; Value Capture; Science; Patents; Valuation
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      Krieger, Joshua Lev, Martin Watzinger, and Monika Schnitzer. "Standing on the Shoulders of Science." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-128, June 2021.
      • May 2021
      • Case

      Inclusive Innovation at Mass General Brigham

      By: Katherine Baldiga Coffman and Olivia Hull
      Massachusetts General Brigham (MGB) Chief Innovation Officer Christopher Coburn had overseen a period of exciting transformation and growth in healthcare innovation at MGB. In November 2019, the health system was the largest recipient of National Institutes of Health...  View Details
      Keywords: Inclusion; Innovation; Invention; Gender; Business Startups; Investment Funds; Private Equity; Health Care and Treatment; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Intellectual Property; Copyright; Patents; Research; Research and Development; Diversification; Technology; Health Industry; Massachusetts; Boston
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      Coffman, Katherine Baldiga, and Olivia Hull. "Inclusive Innovation at Mass General Brigham." Harvard Business School Case 921-006, May 2021.
      • May 2021
      • Article

      Risk-Mitigating Technologies: The Case of Radiation Diagnostic Devices

      By: Alberto Galasso and Hong Luo
      We study the impact of consumers’ risk perception on firm innovation. Our analysis exploits a major surge in the perceived risk of radiation diagnostic devices following extensive media coverage of a set of over-radiation accidents involving CT scanners in late 2009....  View Details
      Keywords: Risk Perception; Innovation; Medical Devices; Liability Risk; Risk and Uncertainty; Perception; Technological Innovation
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      Galasso, Alberto, and Hong Luo. "Risk-Mitigating Technologies: The Case of Radiation Diagnostic Devices." Management Science 67, no. 5 (May 2021): 3022–3040.
      • April 2021
      • Article

      Work-From-Anywhere: The Productivity Effects of Geographical Flexibility

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Cirrus Foroughi and Barbara Larson
      An emerging form of remote work allows employees to work-from-anywhere, so that the worker can choose to live in a preferred geographic location. While traditional work-from-home (WFH) programs offer the worker temporal flexibility, work-from-anywhere (WFA) programs...  View Details
      Keywords: Geographic Flexibility; Work-from-anywhere; Remote Work; Telecommuting; Geographic Mobility; USPTO; Employees; Geographic Location; Performance Productivity
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Cirrus Foroughi, and Barbara Larson. "Work-From-Anywhere: The Productivity Effects of Geographical Flexibility." Strategic Management Journal 42, no. 4 (April 2021): 655–683.
      • January 2021 (Revised June 2021)
      • Case

      Hester Pharmaceuticals (A): A Pricing Dilemma

      By: Dante Roscini and John Masko
      In August 2019, the leadership of Hester Pharmaceuticals (Hester) had a problem. Italy promised to be a key market for their new breakthrough oncology drug Akrozumab, but for almost two years, its single-payer healthcare system had been unable to agree with Hester on a...  View Details
      Keywords: Macroeconomics; Trade; Price; Global Range; Global Strategy; Globalized Markets and Industries; Health Care and Treatment; Patents; Monopoly; Negotiation; Business and Government Relations; Risk and Uncertainty; Human Needs; Business Strategy; Commercialization; Pharmaceutical Industry; Italy
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      Roscini, Dante, and John Masko. "Hester Pharmaceuticals (A): A Pricing Dilemma." Harvard Business School Case 721-001, January 2021. (Revised June 2021.)
      • January 2021
      • Article

      Commuting and Innovation: Are Closer Inventors More Productive?

      By: Hongyu Xiao, Andy Wu and Jaeho Kim
      We estimate the causal effect of workplace–home commuting distance on inventor productivity. We construct a novel panel of U.S. inventors with precisely measured workplace–home distances and inventor-level productivity. Our identification strategy exploits firm office...  View Details
      Keywords: Commuting; Proximity; Inventors; Innovation; Relocation; Telecommuting; Geographic Location; Technological Innovation; Innovation and Management; Innovation Strategy; United States
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      Xiao, Hongyu, Andy Wu, and Jaeho Kim. "Commuting and Innovation: Are Closer Inventors More Productive?" Art. 103300. Journal of Urban Economics 121 (January 2021).
      • December 2020
      • Article

      Different Founders, Different Firms: A Comparative Analysis of Academic and Non-academic Startups

      By: Maria P. Roche, Annamaria Conti and Frank T. Rothaermel
      What role do differences in founders' occupational backgrounds play in new venture performance? Analyzing a novel dataset of 2,998 founders creating 1,723 innovative startups in biomedicine, we find that the likelihood and hazard of achieving a liquidity event are...  View Details
      Keywords: Founders; Innovation; Occupational Imprinting; Academic Startups; Non-academic Startups; Founder Heterogeneity; Business Startups; Innovation and Invention; Performance; Demographics; Analysis
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      Roche, Maria P., Annamaria Conti, and Frank T. Rothaermel. "Different Founders, Different Firms: A Comparative Analysis of Academic and Non-academic Startups." Special Issue on Innovative Start-Ups and Policy Initiatives. Research Policy 49, no. 10 (December 2020).
      • November 2020
      • Article

      Migrant Inventors and the Technological Advantage of Nations

      By: Dany Bahar, Prithwiraj Choudhury and Hillel Rapoport
      We investigate the relationship between the presence of migrant inventors and the dynamics of innovation in the migrants’ receiving countries. We find that countries are 25 to 60 percent more likely to gain advantage in patenting in certain technologies given a twofold...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation; Migration; Patent; Knowledge; Innovation and Invention; Immigration; Patents; Technology; Knowledge Dissemination
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      Bahar, Dany, Prithwiraj Choudhury, and Hillel Rapoport. "Migrant Inventors and the Technological Advantage of Nations." Special Issue on STEM Migration, Research, and Innovation. Research Policy 49, no. 9 (November 2020).
      • November–December 2020
      • Article

      Our Work-from-Anywhere Future

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury
      The pandemic has hastened a rise in remote working for knowledge-based organizations. This has notable benefits: Companies can save on real estate costs, hire and utilize talent globally, mitigate immigration issues, and experience productivity gains, while workers can...  View Details
      Keywords: Remote Work; Best Practices; Employment; Health Pandemics; Geographic Location; Opportunities; Problems and Challenges
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj. "Our Work-from-Anywhere Future." Harvard Business Review 98, no. 6 (November–December 2020).
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      The ESG-Innovation Disconnect: Evidence from Green Patenting

      By: Lauren Cohen, Umit G. Gurun and Quoc H. Nguyen
      No firm or sector of the global economy is untouched by innovation. In equilibrium, innovators will flock to (and innovation will occur where) the returns to innovative capital are the highest. In this paper, we document a strong empirical pattern in green patent...  View Details
      Keywords: ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Investment; Decision Making; Policy; Energy; Green Technology; Technological Innovation; Patents
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      Cohen, Lauren, Umit G. Gurun, and Quoc H. Nguyen. "The ESG-Innovation Disconnect: Evidence from Green Patenting." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 27990, October 2020. (Winner of the Fordham University Gabelli School of Business – PVH Corp. Global Thought Leadership Grant on Corporate Social Responsibility, 2020.)
      • October 2020
      • Article

      The Supply Chain Economy: A New Industry Categorization for Understanding Innovation in Services

      By: Mercedes Delgado and Karen G. Mills
      An active debate has centered on the importance of manufacturing for driving innovation in the U.S. economy. This paper offers an alternative framework that focuses on the role of suppliers of goods and services (the “supply chain economy”) in national performance. We...  View Details
      Keywords: Supply Chain Industries; Business-to-consumer Industries; Services; Innovation; Economy; Framework; Supply Chain; Service Operations; Innovation and Invention; Economic Growth; United States
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      Delgado, Mercedes, and Karen G. Mills. "The Supply Chain Economy: A New Industry Categorization for Understanding Innovation in Services." Research Policy 49, no. 8 (October 2020).
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