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All HBS Web
(3,786)
- Faculty Publications (704)
- 2023
- Article
Evaluating Explainability for Graph Neural Networks
By: Chirag Agarwal, Owen Queen, Himabindu Lakkaraju and Marinka Zitnik
As explanations are increasingly used to understand the behavior of graph neural networks (GNNs), evaluating the quality and reliability of GNN explanations is crucial. However, assessing the quality of GNN explanations is challenging as existing graph datasets have no...
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Keywords:
Analytics and Data Science
Agarwal, Chirag, Owen Queen, Himabindu Lakkaraju, and Marinka Zitnik. "Evaluating Explainability for Graph Neural Networks." Art. 114. Scientific Data 10 (2023).
- 2023
- Article
Experimental Evaluation of Individualized Treatment Rules
By: Kosuke Imai and Michael Lingzhi Li
The increasing availability of individual-level data has led to numerous applications of individualized (or personalized) treatment rules (ITRs). Policy makers often wish to empirically evaluate ITRs and compare their relative performance before implementing them in a...
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Keywords:
Causal Inference;
Heterogeneous Treatment Effects;
Precision Medicine;
Uplift Modeling;
Analytics and Data Science;
AI and Machine Learning
Imai, Kosuke, and Michael Lingzhi Li. "Experimental Evaluation of Individualized Treatment Rules." Journal of the American Statistical Association 118, no. 541 (2023): 242–256.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Stories, Statistics and Memory
By: Thomas Graeber, Christopher Roth and Florian Zimmermann
For most decisions, we rely on information encountered over the course of days,
months or years. We consume this information in various forms, including abstract
summaries of multiple data points – statistics – and contextualized anecdotes about
individual instances...
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Graeber, Thomas, Christopher Roth, and Florian Zimmermann. "Stories, Statistics and Memory." Working Paper, December 2022.
- 2024
- Working Paper
Improving Human-Algorithm Collaboration: Causes and Mitigation of Over- and Under-Adherence
By: Maya Balakrishnan, Kris Ferreira and Jordan Tong
Even if algorithms make better predictions than humans on average, humans may sometimes have private information
which an algorithm does not have access to that can improve performance. How can we help humans effectively use
and adjust recommendations made by...
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Keywords:
Cognitive Biases;
Algorithm Transparency;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Behavior;
AI and Machine Learning;
Analytics and Data Science;
Cognition and Thinking
Balakrishnan, Maya, Kris Ferreira, and Jordan Tong. "Improving Human-Algorithm Collaboration: Causes and Mitigation of Over- and Under-Adherence." Working Paper, February 2024.
- December 2022
- Article
Social Skills Improve Business Performance: Evidence from a Randomized Control Trial with Entrepreneurs in Togo
By: Stefan Dimitriadis and Rembrand Koning
Recent field experiments demonstrate that advice, mentorship, and feedback from randomly assigned peers improve entrepreneurial performance. These results raise a natural question: what is preventing entrepreneurs and managers from forming these peer connections...
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Keywords:
Social Skills;
Business Performance;
Entrepreneurs;
Peer Relationships;
Field Experiment;
Entrepreneurship;
Performance;
Relationships;
Interpersonal Communication;
Togo
Dimitriadis, Stefan, and Rembrand Koning. "Social Skills Improve Business Performance: Evidence from a Randomized Control Trial with Entrepreneurs in Togo." Management Science 68, no. 12 (December 2022): 8635–8657.
- December 2022
- Article
The Task Bind: Explaining Gender Differences in Managerial Tasks and Performance
This multi-method study of managers in a grocery chain identifies a novel mechanism by which threats of gender stereotypes undermine women’s ability to be effective managers. I find that women managers face a task bind, a dilemma that managers experience as they try to...
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Feldberg, Alexandra C. "The Task Bind: Explaining Gender Differences in Managerial Tasks and Performance." Administrative Science Quarterly 67, no. 4 (December 2022): 1049–1092.
- 2024
- Working Paper
Sharing Models to Interpret Data
By: Joshua Schwartzstein and Adi Sunderam
To understand new data, we share models or interpretations with others. This paper studies such exchanges of models in a community. The key assumption is that people adopt the interpretation in their community that best explains the data, given their prior beliefs. An...
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Keywords:
Social Learning Theory;
Theory;
Social Issues;
Cognition and Thinking;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Attitudes
Schwartzstein, Joshua, and Adi Sunderam. "Sharing Models to Interpret Data." Harvard Business School Working Paper, April 2024.
- November–December 2022
- Article
The Value of Descriptive Analytics: Evidence from Online Retailers
By: Ron Berman and Ayelet Israeli
Does the adoption of descriptive analytics impact online retailer performance, and if so, how? We use the synthetic difference-in-differences method to analyze the staggered adoption of a retail analytics dashboard by more than 1,500 e-commerce websites, and we find an...
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Keywords:
Descriptive Analytics;
Big Data;
Synthetic Control;
E-commerce;
Online Retail;
Difference-in-differences;
Martech;
Internet and the Web;
Analytics and Data Science;
Performance;
Marketing;
Retail Industry
Berman, Ron, and Ayelet Israeli. "The Value of Descriptive Analytics: Evidence from Online Retailers." Marketing Science 41, no. 6 (November–December 2022): 1074–1096.
- 2024
- Working Paper
You've Got Mail! The Late 19th-Century U.S. Postal Service Expansion, Firm Creation, and Firm Performance
By: Astrid Marinoni and Maria P. Roche
We analyze the impact of the US Postal Service's expansion in the late 1800s on firm creation and performance. Exploiting novel data constructed from digitized archives on historic business establishments, post office locations, and road network characteristics in...
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Keywords:
Institutional Innovation;
Knowledge Exchange;
US Postal Service;
Firm Performance;
Infrastructure;
Expansion;
Government Administration;
Communication;
Business History;
Entrepreneurship;
Public Administration Industry;
California
Marinoni, Astrid, and Maria P. Roche. "You've Got Mail! The Late 19th-Century U.S. Postal Service Expansion, Firm Creation, and Firm Performance." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-022, October 2022. (Revised March 2024.)
- November 2022
- Article
Impacts of Micromobility on Car Displacement with Evidence from a Natural Experiment and Geofencing Policy
By: Omar Isaac Asensio, Camila Apablaza, M. Cade Lawson, Edward W Chen and Savannah J Horner
Micromobility, such as electric scooters and electric bikes—an estimated US$300 billion global market by 2030—will accelerate electrification efforts and fundamentally change urban mobility patterns. However, the impacts of micromobility adoption on traffic congestion...
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Asensio, Omar Isaac, Camila Apablaza, M. Cade Lawson, Edward W Chen, and Savannah J Horner. "Impacts of Micromobility on Car Displacement with Evidence from a Natural Experiment and Geofencing Policy." Nature Energy 7, no. 11 (November 2022): 1100–1108.
- 2022
- Working Paper
What's My Employee Worth? The Effects of Salary Benchmarking
By: Zoë B. Cullen, Shengwu Li and Ricardo Perez-Truglia
While U.S. legislation prohibits employers from sharing information about their employees’
compensation with each other, companies are still allowed to acquire and use more aggregated
data provided by third parties. Most medium and large firms report using this type...
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Cullen, Zoë B., Shengwu Li, and Ricardo Perez-Truglia. "What's My Employee Worth? The Effects of Salary Benchmarking." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30570, October 2022. (Under revision at the Review of Economic Studies.)
- September 16, 2022
- Article
A Causal Test of the Strength of Weak Ties
By: Karthik Rajkumar, Guillaume Saint-Jacques, Iavor I. Bojinov, Erik Brynjolfsson and Sinan Aral
The authors analyzed data from multiple large-scale randomized experiments on LinkedIn’s People You May Know algorithm, which recommends new connections to LinkedIn members, to test the extent to which weak ties increased job mobility in the world’s largest...
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Rajkumar, Karthik, Guillaume Saint-Jacques, Iavor I. Bojinov, Erik Brynjolfsson, and Sinan Aral. "A Causal Test of the Strength of Weak Ties." Science 377, no. 6612 (September 16, 2022).
- September 2022
- Article
Experimentation and Startup Performance: Evidence from A/B Testing
By: Rembrand Koning, Sharique Hasan and Aaron Chatterji
Recent scholarship has argued that experimentation should be the organizing principle for entrepreneurial strategy. Experimentation leads to organizational learning, which drives improvements in firm performance. We investigate this proposition by exploiting the...
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Keywords:
Experimentation;
A/B Testing;
Data-driven Decision-making;
Organizational Learning;
Entrepreneurship;
Strategy;
Business Startups;
Learning;
Performance;
Decision Making
Koning, Rembrand, Sharique Hasan, and Aaron Chatterji. "Experimentation and Startup Performance: Evidence from A/B Testing." Management Science 68, no. 9 (September 2022): 6434–6453.
- September 2022
- Article
Giving a Buck or Making a Buck? Donations by Pharmaceutical Manufacturers to Independent Patient Assistance Charities
By: Leemore Dafny, Christopher Ody and Teresa Rokos
The federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits biopharmaceutical manufacturers from directly covering Medicare enrollees’ out-of-pocket spending for the drugs they manufacture, but manufacturers may donate to independent patient assistance charities and earmark donations...
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Keywords:
Cost Sharing;
Prescription Drugs;
Drug Spending;
Medicare;
Dual Eligibility;
Cost;
Health Care and Treatment;
Philanthropy and Charitable Giving;
Pharmaceutical Industry
Dafny, Leemore, Christopher Ody, and Teresa Rokos. "Giving a Buck or Making a Buck? Donations by Pharmaceutical Manufacturers to Independent Patient Assistance Charities." Health Affairs 41, no. 9 (September 2022).
- 2022
- Working Paper
Slowly Varying Regression under Sparsity
By: Dimitris Bertsimas, Vassilis Digalakis Jr, Michael Lingzhi Li and Omar Skali Lami
We consider the problem of parameter estimation in slowly varying regression models with sparsity constraints. We formulate the problem as a mixed integer optimization problem and demonstrate that it can be reformulated exactly as a binary convex optimization problem...
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Keywords:
Mathematical Methods
Bertsimas, Dimitris, Vassilis Digalakis Jr, Michael Lingzhi Li, and Omar Skali Lami. "Slowly Varying Regression under Sparsity." Working Paper, September 2022.
- September 2022
- Article
The Impact of Financial Assistance Programs on Health Care Utilization: Evidence from Kaiser Permanente
By: Alyce S. Adams, Raymond Kluender, Neale Mahoney, Jinglin Wang, Francis Wong and Wesley Yin
Most hospitals have financial assistance programs for low-income patients. We use administrative data from Kaiser Permanente to study the effects of financial assistance on health care utilization. Using a regression discontinuity design based on an income threshold...
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Keywords:
Healthcare;
Utilization;
Financial Assistance;
Health Care and Treatment;
Social Issues;
Poverty;
Health Industry
Adams, Alyce S., Raymond Kluender, Neale Mahoney, Jinglin Wang, Francis Wong, and Wesley Yin. "The Impact of Financial Assistance Programs on Health Care Utilization: Evidence from Kaiser Permanente." American Economic Review: Insights 4, no. 3 (September 2022): 389–407.
- August 2022
- Background Note
Retail Media Networks
By: Eva Ascarza, Ayelet Israeli and Celine Chammas
In 2022, retail media was one of the fastest growing segments in digital advertising. A retail media network (RMN) allows a retailer to use its assets for advertising. Retailers set up an advertising business by allowing marketers to buy advertising space across their...
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Keywords:
Advertisers;
Advertising Media;
Media And Broadcasting Industry;
Retail;
Retail Analytics;
Retail Promotion;
Retailing;
Ecommerce;
E-Commerce Strategy;
E-commerce;
Marketing Communication;
Targeting;
Targeted Advertising;
Targeted Marketing;
Advertising;
Marketing;
Marketing Communications;
Marketing Strategy;
Brands and Branding;
Media;
Marketing Channels;
Retail Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Advertising Industry;
United States
Ascarza, Eva, Ayelet Israeli, and Celine Chammas. "Retail Media Networks." Harvard Business School Background Note 523-029, August 2022.
- August 2022
- Case
SuperRare: Turning an NFT Marketplace into a DAO
By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang, Scott Duke Kominers and Amy Klopfenstein
In June 2021, John Crain and Jonathan Perkins, the founders of SuperRare, a marketplace for non-fungible tokens (NFTs), contemplate whether to transform their company into a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO). Crain and Perkins founded SuperRare in 2018 to...
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Keywords:
NFTs;
Crypto Economy;
Alternative Assets;
DAOs;
Arts;
Governance;
Governance Controls;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Information Technology;
Technology Adoption;
Internet and the Web;
Digital Platforms;
Innovation and Invention;
Technological Innovation;
Disruptive Innovation;
Finance;
Currency;
Investment;
Markets;
Auctions;
Bids and Bidding;
Demand and Consumers;
Network Effects;
Market Design;
Market Transactions;
Market Timing;
Web Services Industry;
North and Central America;
United States
Bussgang, Jeffrey J., Scott Duke Kominers, and Amy Klopfenstein. "SuperRare: Turning an NFT Marketplace into a DAO." Harvard Business School Case 823-027, August 2022.
- August 2022
- Article
Availability of New Medicines in the U.S. and Germany From 2004 to 2018
By: Katharina Blankart, Huseyin Naci and Amitabh Chandra
Importance: Germany's unique approach to coverage determination and pricing has ensured that effective medicines remain on the market, often at prices reduced through negotiation. However, less is known about trade-offs of this approach with regard to initial...
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Keywords:
Market Entry and Exit;
Price;
Market Timing;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
United States;
Germany
Blankart, Katharina, Huseyin Naci, and Amitabh Chandra. "Availability of New Medicines in the U.S. and Germany From 2004 to 2018." e2229231. JAMA Network Open 5, no. 8 (August 2022).
- August, 2022
- Article
Changing Ingroup Boundaries: The Effect of Immigration on Race Relations in the United States
By: Vasiliki Fouka and Marco Tabellini
How do social group boundaries evolve? Does the appearance of a new outgroup change the ingroup's perceptions of other outgroups? We introduce a conceptual framework of context-dependent categorization, in which exposure to one minority leads to recategorization of...
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Keywords:
In-group-out-group Relations;
Ingroup-outgroup Relations;
Immigration;
Race;
Relationships;
United States
Fouka, Vasiliki, and Marco Tabellini. "Changing Ingroup Boundaries: The Effect of Immigration on Race Relations in the United States." American Political Science Review 116, no. 3 (August, 2022): 968–984. (Featured in the Boston Globe, Washington Post, and HBS Working Knowledge.)