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All HBS Web
(1,847)
- People (2)
- News (308)
- Research (1,289)
- Events (5)
- Multimedia (3)
- Faculty Publications (571)
- Other Article
What Do We Know About Variance in Accounting Profitability?
By: Anita M. McGahan and Michael E. Porter
In this paper, we analyze the variance of accounting profitability among a broad cross-section of firms in the American economy from 1981 to 1994. The purpose of the analysis is to identify the importance of year, industry, corporate-parent, and business-specific...
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McGahan, Anita M., and Michael E. Porter. "What Do We Know About Variance in Accounting Profitability?" Management Science 48, no. 7 (July 2002): 834–851.
- 25 May 2011
- HBS Case
QuikTrip’s Investment in Retail Employees Pays Off
leave vacant positions unfilled for immediate, measurable savings. That's the retail way. Moreover, the costs of understaffing aren't easily quantifiable; who can say how many customers are lost to long lines or stock-outs? “You can...
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- November 2023
- Case
Apple Inc. in 2023
By: David B. Yoffie and Sarah von Bargen
Under CEO Tim Cook, Apple became the first trillion dollar market cap company, the first two trillion dollar company, and the first three trillion dollar company. Since the COVID pandemic, Apple gained over 20% of the world smartphone market and 50% of the U.S. market,...
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Keywords:
Competitive Advantage;
Product Positioning;
Emerging Markets;
Competitive Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Revenue;
Technology Industry
Yoffie, David B., and Sarah von Bargen. "Apple Inc. in 2023." Harvard Business School Case 724-419, November 2023.
- 2021
- Working Paper
MLS as a Sports Product—The Prominence of the World's Game in the U.S.
By: Stephen A. Greyser and Kenneth Cortsen
The purpose of this Working Paper is to analyze how soccer at the professional level in the U.S., with Major League Soccer as a focal point, has developed over the span of a quarter of a century. It is worthwhile to examine the growth of Major League Soccer (MLS) from...
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Keywords:
Soccer;
Major League Soccer;
Sports;
Growth and Development;
Organizational Structure;
Business Model;
Sports Industry;
United States
Greyser, Stephen A., and Kenneth Cortsen. "MLS as a Sports Product—The Prominence of the World's Game in the U.S." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-111, March 2021. (Revised April 2021.)
- September–October 2023
- Article
A Rising Tide Lifts All Boats: The Effects of Common Ownership on Corporate Social Responsibility
By: Mark R. DesJardine, Jody Grewal and Kala Viswanathan
Common owners face an incredible investment challenge: managing systematic risk. Because common owners hold shares in multiple firms across an industry, an action (or inaction) by one firm that affects industry peers is felt more severely by common owners than by...
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Keywords:
Common Ownership;
Environmental Sustainability;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Institutional Investing;
Corporate Governance;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Investment Return
DesJardine, Mark R., Jody Grewal, and Kala Viswanathan. "A Rising Tide Lifts All Boats: The Effects of Common Ownership on Corporate Social Responsibility." Organization Science 34, no. 5 (September–October 2023): 1716–1735.
- May 2018
- Article
Selection and Market Reallocation: Productivity Gains from Multinational Production
By: Laura Alfaro and Maggie X. Chen
Assessing the productivity gains from multinational production has been a vital topic of economic research and policy debate. Positive aggregate productivity gains are often attributed to within-firm productivity improvement; however, an alternative, less emphasized...
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Keywords:
Productivity Gains;
Multinational Production;
Selection;
Market Reallocation;
And Within-firm Productivity;
Multinational Firms and Management;
Production;
Performance Productivity;
Competition;
Mathematical Methods
Alfaro, Laura, and Maggie X. Chen. "Selection and Market Reallocation: Productivity Gains from Multinational Production." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 10, no. 2 (May 2018): 1–38. (Also NBER Working Paper 18207. See Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12–111, 2015 for longer version.)
- February 2022 (Revised September 2022)
- Case
InstaDeep: AI Innovation Born in Africa (A)
By: Shikhar Ghosh and Esel Çekin
Karim Beguir and Zohra Slim were the co-founders of InstaDeep, a deep tech startup focusing on artificial intelligence (AI) solutions. Instadeep was one of the few companies globally that were partnering with DeepMind, an AI subsidiary of Google [Alphabet Inc.]....
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Keywords:
AI;
Artificial Intelligence;
Entrepreneurship;
Operations;
Business Subsidiaries;
Brands and Branding;
Innovation and Invention;
Growth and Development Strategy;
AI and Machine Learning;
Technology Industry;
Africa
Ghosh, Shikhar, and Esel Çekin. "InstaDeep: AI Innovation Born in Africa (A)." Harvard Business School Case 822-104, February 2022. (Revised September 2022.)
- December 1999 (Revised September 2000)
- Case
Excite@Home: Betting on a Broadband Revolution
By: Stephen P. Bradley and Matthew Sandoval
In January 1999, @Home, a high-speed Internet access provider, announced the $6.7 billion purchase of Excite, the second largest of the major Internet "portals." This purchase marked a continuing consolidation of companies in the Internet "content" and "access"...
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Keywords:
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Joint Ventures;
Technological Innovation;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Competitive Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
Internet and the Web;
Information Technology Industry;
Web Services Industry
Bradley, Stephen P., and Matthew Sandoval. "Excite@Home: Betting on a Broadband Revolution." Harvard Business School Case 700-069, December 1999. (Revised September 2000.)
- October 2016
- Supplement
24 Hour Fitness (B): Ownership Changes, 2005–2016
By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
In 2016, 24 Hour Fitness was the number-two fitness chain in the United States, generating revenues of $1.4 billion from 441 clubs serving 3.8 million members. Based in San Ramon, California, 24 Hour Fitness operated clubs in 13 states. Having grown rapidly to become...
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Keywords:
Advertising;
Advertising Campaigns;
Buildings and Facilities;
Acquisition;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Business Model;
Business Organization;
For-Profit Firms;
Customers;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Customer Satisfaction;
Age;
Training;
Private Equity;
Financing and Loans;
Price;
Profit;
Revenue;
Geographic Location;
Geographic Scope;
Health;
Nutrition;
Business History;
Human Resources;
Employees;
Employee Relationship Management;
Recruitment;
Selection and Staffing;
Journals and Magazines;
Human Capital;
Business or Company Management;
Goals and Objectives;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Management Teams;
Marketing;
Brands and Branding;
Marketing Channels;
Marketing Communications;
Marketing Strategy;
Social Marketing;
Demand and Consumers;
Market Entry and Exit;
Media;
Organizational Design;
Private Ownership;
Problems and Challenges;
Groups and Teams;
Sales;
Salesforce Management;
Situation or Environment;
Welfare or Wellbeing;
Sports;
Strategy;
Business Strategy;
Competition;
Competitive Strategy;
Competitive Advantage;
Corporate Strategy;
Expansion;
Segmentation;
Information Technology;
Internet;
Mobile Technology;
Online Technology;
Software;
Web Sites;
Value;
Valuation;
Health Industry;
Media and Broadcasting Industry;
United States;
California;
San Francisco
Wells, John R., and Gabriel Ellsworth. "24 Hour Fitness (B): Ownership Changes, 2005–2016." Harvard Business School Supplement 717-423, October 2016.
- 2008
- Article
Warmth and Competence As Universal Dimensions of Social Perception: The Stereotype Content Model and the BIAS Map
By: A. J.C. Cuddy, S. T. Fiske and P. Glick
The stereotype content model (SCM) defines two fundamental dimensions of social perception, warmth and competence, predicted respectively by perceived competition and status. Combinations of warmth and competence generate distinct emotions of admiration, contempt,...
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Keywords:
Perception;
Competency and Skills;
Prejudice and Bias;
Emotions;
Business Model;
Behavior;
Research;
Competition;
Status and Position;
Cognition and Thinking;
Groups and Teams
Cuddy, A. J.C., S. T. Fiske, and P. Glick. "Warmth and Competence As Universal Dimensions of Social Perception: The Stereotype Content Model and the BIAS Map." Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 40 (2008): 61–149.
- 19 Dec 2005
- Research & Ideas
Public Education Goes to School
challenges. In business, strategy is usually a response to conditions that exist "out there"—forces like competition and demand drive innovation and performance inside the company. In public education, the fundamental challenges...
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- 2012
- Book
Producing Prosperity: Why America Needs a Manufacturing Renaissance
By: Gary P. Pisano and Willy Shih
For years—even decades—in response to intensifying global competition, American companies decided to outsource their manufacturing operations in order to reduce costs. But we are now seeing the alarming long-term effect of those choices: in many cases, once...
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Keywords:
Job Cuts and Outsourcing;
Production;
Competitive Advantage;
Transformation;
Innovation and Invention;
Manufacturing Industry;
United States
Pisano, Gary P., and Willy Shih. Producing Prosperity: Why America Needs a Manufacturing Renaissance. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Press, 2012.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Revenue-Based Financing
We use data from a major South African payment processor to study how digital payments mitigate asymmetric information challenges in small business “revenue-based financing” contracts, which tie repayment schedules to future revenue. Eight months post-financing,...
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Russel, Dominic, Claire Shi, and Rowan P. Clarke. "Revenue-Based Financing." SSRN Working Paper Series, October 2023.
- Article
Design of Search Engine Services: Channel Interdependence in Search Engine Results
By: Benjamin Edelman and Zhenyu Lai
The authors examine prominent placement of search engines' own services and effects on users' choices. Evaluating a natural experiment in which different results were shown to users who performed similar searches, they find that Google's prominent placement of its...
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Keywords:
Search Engine;
Organic Search;
Sponsored Search Advertising;
User Interface;
Channel Substitution;
Search Technology;
Consumer Behavior;
Online Advertising
Edelman, Benjamin, and Zhenyu Lai. "Design of Search Engine Services: Channel Interdependence in Search Engine Results." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 53, no. 6 (December 2016): 881–900. (First posted April 2013.)
- Article
Peer-to-Peer File Sharing and the Market for Digital Information Goods
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Andres Hervas-Drane
We study competitive interaction between two alternative models of digital content distribution over the Internet: peer-to-peer (p2p) file sharing and centralized client-server distribution. We present microfoundations for a stylized model of p2p file sharing where all...
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Keywords:
Competition;
Distribution;
Internet and the Web;
Information Infrastructure;
Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques;
Strategy;
Profit;
Price;
Performance Efficiency
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Andres Hervas-Drane. "Peer-to-Peer File Sharing and the Market for Digital Information Goods." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 19, no. 2 (Summer 2010): 333–373.
- September 2017
- Case
Tencent
By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
Tencent had undergone many transformations since it was founded in 1998 as a simple messaging service. In 2017, it was the largest online games provider in China with a wide range of game types, China’s largest social networking service provider with several of the...
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Keywords:
Tencent;
Tencent Holdings;
WeChat;
Social Networking;
Social Networks;
Gaming;
Gaming Industry;
Video Games;
Computer Games;
Mobile Gaming;
Portals;
Payments;
Mobile Payments;
O2O;
Online-to-offline;
E-commerce;
Messaging;
Subscription Model;
Freemium;
Mobile App Industry;
Smartphone;
PC;
Monetization Strategy;
Antitrust;
Streaming;
Cloud Computing;
Artificial Intelligence;
Big Data;
Alibaba;
Facebook;
JD.com;
Tesla;
Bundling;
Synergies;
Digital Strategy;
Imitation;
Licensing;
Agility;
Entry Barriers;
Online Platforms;
Advertising;
Digital Marketing;
Business Ventures;
Acquisition;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Business Conglomerates;
Business Units;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Business Organization;
For-Profit Firms;
Joint Ventures;
Restructuring;
Communication;
Communication Technology;
Blogs;
Interactive Communication;
Interpersonal Communication;
Entertainment;
Film Entertainment;
Games, Gaming, and Gambling;
Music Entertainment;
Investment;
Investment Portfolio;
Price;
Profit;
Revenue;
Geographic Scope;
Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues;
Global Strategy;
Multinational Firms and Management;
Globalized Markets and Industries;
Business History;
Innovation Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Business or Company Management;
Goals and Objectives;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Product Positioning;
Social Marketing;
Network Effects;
Emerging Markets;
Market Entry and Exit;
Digital Platforms;
Industry Growth;
Monopoly;
Media;
Distribution Channels;
Product Development;
Service Delivery;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Organizational Structure;
Public Ownership;
Problems and Challenges;
Business and Government Relations;
Groups and Teams;
Networks;
Opportunities;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Business Strategy;
Commercialization;
Competition;
Competitive Advantage;
Competitive Strategy;
Cooperation;
Corporate Strategy;
Diversification;
Expansion;
Horizontal Integration;
Vertical Integration;
Segmentation;
Information Technology;
Internet and the Web;
Mobile and Wireless Technology;
Internet and the Web;
Applications and Software;
Information Infrastructure;
Digital Platforms;
Internet and the Web;
Mobile and Wireless Technology;
Value Creation;
Communications Industry;
Entertainment and Recreation Industry;
Financial Services Industry;
Information Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
Media and Broadcasting Industry;
Motion Pictures and Video Industry;
Music Industry;
Service Industry;
Technology Industry;
Telecommunications Industry;
Video Game Industry;
Web Services Industry;
Asia;
China;
Canton (province, China)
Wells, John R., and Gabriel Ellsworth. "Tencent." Harvard Business School Case 718-426, September 2017.
- 2007
- Report
The Role of Clusters in the Chemical Industry
By: Christian H.M. Ketels
The European Chemical Industry, still in the leading position globally, is under intense competitive pressure from emerging locations in Asia and the Middle East. After first reacting by efficiency upgrading within companies and then pursuing outsourcing and aggressive...
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Keywords:
Trade;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Industry Clusters;
Business and Government Relations;
Competitive Strategy;
Chemical Industry;
Asia;
Europe;
Middle East
Ketels, Christian H.M. "The Role of Clusters in the Chemical Industry." Report, 2007. (Prepared for the Annual Conference of the European Petrochemical Association (EPCA))
- 27 Jan 2009
- First Look
First Look: January 27, 2009
Alejandro Ruzzier Abstract It is often argued that competition forces managers to make better choices, thus favoring managerial autonomy in decision making. I formalize and challenge this idea. Suppose that managers care about keeping...
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Keywords:
Martha Lagace
- 2017
- Other Article
Designing an Agile Software Portfolio Architecture: The Impact of Coupling on Performance
By: Alan MacCormack and Robert Lagerstrom
The modern industrial corporation encompasses a myriad of different software applications, each of which must work in concert to deliver functionality to end-users. However, the increasingly complex and dynamic nature of competition in today’s product-markets dictates...
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Keywords:
Applications and Software;
Design;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Performance Effectiveness
MacCormack, Alan, and Robert Lagerstrom. "Designing an Agile Software Portfolio Architecture: The Impact of Coupling on Performance." Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings (2017). (doi:10.5465/AMBPP.2017.297, ISSN 2151-6561.)
- Article
Stereotype Content Model across Cultures: Universal Similarities and Some Differences
By: A.J.C. Cuddy, S.T. Fiske, V.S.Y. Kwan, P. Glick, S. Demoulin, J. Ph. Leyens and M.H. Bond
The stereotype content model (SCM; Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002) proposes potentially universal principles of societal stereotypes and their relation to social structure. Here, the SCM reveals theoretically grounded, cross-cultural, cross-groups' similarities and...
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Keywords:
Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues;
Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques;
Relationships;
Groups and Teams;
Prejudice and Bias;
Culture;
Societal Protocols;
East Asia;
Europe
Cuddy, A.J.C., S.T. Fiske, V.S.Y. Kwan, P. Glick, S. Demoulin, J. Ph. Leyens, and M.H. Bond. "Stereotype Content Model across Cultures: Universal Similarities and Some Differences." British Journal of Social Psychology 48, no. 1 (March 2009).