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All HBS Web
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- Faculty Publications (545)
Debt →
- January 2021 (Revised March 2021)
- Case
Juno (A): Leveraging Student Power
By: Joshua Schwartzstein, Kathleen L. McGinn and Amy Klopfenstein
In March 2020, Chris Abkarians and Nikhil Agarwal were in the midst of preparing the annual auction for their student loan assistance startup, Juno. Both current MBA students at Harvard Business School, the duo founded Juno in 2018 to leverage student bargaining power...
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Keywords:
Decision Making;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Decisions;
Cost vs Benefits;
Education;
Higher Education;
Finance;
Borrowing and Debt;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Alignment;
Negotiation;
Agreements and Arrangements;
Negotiation Participants;
Negotiation Process;
Negotiation Tactics;
Negotiation Deal;
Negotiation Offer;
Negotiation Types;
Financial Services Industry;
Education Industry;
North and Central America;
United States;
Massachusetts;
Boston
Schwartzstein, Joshua, Kathleen L. McGinn, and Amy Klopfenstein. "Juno (A): Leveraging Student Power." Harvard Business School Case 921-032, January 2021. (Revised March 2021.)
- January 2021 (Revised March 2021)
- Supplement
Juno (B): Leveraging Student Power
By: Joshua Schwartzstein, Kathleen L. McGinn and Amy Klopfenstein
In March 2020, Juno co-founders Chris Abkarians and Nikhil Agarwal decided to pitch banks in anticipation of their annual auction while negotiating directly with private lender Eager. Responses from the majority of private lenders—including Juno’s 2019 partner—were not...
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Keywords:
Decision Making;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Decisions;
Cost vs Benefits;
Judgments;
Education;
Higher Education;
Finance;
Borrowing and Debt;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Alignment;
Negotiation;
Negotiation Deal;
Negotiation Offer;
Negotiation Participants;
Negotiation Process;
Negotiation Types;
Financial Services Industry;
Education Industry;
North and Central America;
United States;
Massachusetts;
Boston
Schwartzstein, Joshua, Kathleen L. McGinn, and Amy Klopfenstein. "Juno (B): Leveraging Student Power." Harvard Business School Supplement 921-033, January 2021. (Revised March 2021.)
- January 2021 (Revised March 2021)
- Supplement
Juno (C): Leveraging Student Power
By: Joshua Schwartzstein, Kathleen L. McGinn and Amy Klopfenstein
In May 2020, Juno co-founders Chris Abkarians and Nikhil Agarwal decided to hold the annual auction for their student loan assistance startup. Five lenders submitted bids, and the co-founders ultimately opted to select Eager Bank as their partner for the 2020-2021...
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Keywords:
Decision Making;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Decisions;
Cost vs Benefits;
Judgments;
Education;
Higher Education;
Finance;
Borrowing and Debt;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Alignment;
Negotiation;
Agreements and Arrangements;
Negotiation Deal;
Negotiation Offer;
Negotiation Participants;
Negotiation Process;
Negotiation Tactics;
Negotiation Types;
Financial Services Industry;
Education Industry;
North and Central America;
United States;
Massachusetts;
Boston
Schwartzstein, Joshua, Kathleen L. McGinn, and Amy Klopfenstein. "Juno (C): Leveraging Student Power." Harvard Business School Supplement 921-034, January 2021. (Revised March 2021.)
- January 2021 (Revised February 2021)
- Case
Carnival Corporation: Cruising Through COVID-19
By: Stuart C. Gilson and Sarah Abbott
In March 2020, in response to the global pandemic, the cruise industry ceased operations. Carnival was the largest cruise line operator in the world, and CEO Arnold Donald and his management team worked to position the company to survive. They slashed operating...
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Keywords:
Debt Issuance;
Equity Issuances;
Convertible Debt;
Cruise Lines;
Restructuring;
Capital;
Crisis Management;
Cash Flow;
Health Pandemics;
Borrowing and Debt;
Travel Industry;
United States
Gilson, Stuart C., and Sarah Abbott. "Carnival Corporation: Cruising Through COVID-19." Harvard Business School Case 221-028, January 2021. (Revised February 2021.)
- 2021
- Working Paper
No-fault Default, Chapter 11 Bankruptcy, and Financial Institutions
By: Robert C. Merton and Richard T. Thakor
This paper analyzes the costs and benefits of a no-fault-default debt structure as an alternative to the typical bankruptcy process. We show that the deadweight costs of bankruptcy can be avoided or substantially reduced through no-fault-default debt, which permits a...
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Keywords:
No-fault Default;
Chapter 11;
Insolvency and Bankruptcy;
Borrowing and Debt;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Financial Institutions;
Contracts
Merton, Robert C., and Richard T. Thakor. "No-fault Default, Chapter 11 Bankruptcy, and Financial Institutions." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28341, January 2021.
- December 2020 (Revised September 2023)
- Case
PG&E and the First Climate Change Bankruptcy
By: Stuart C. Gilson and Sarah L. Abbott
In early 2020, the California-based utility PG&E filed a second amended plan of reorganization. PG&E had filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the face of more than $30 billion of legal claims brought against it for its alleged role in causing California wildfires. The...
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Keywords:
Chapter 11;
Utilities;
Liabilities;
Restructuring;
Insolvency and Bankruptcy;
Debt Securities;
Legal Liability;
Climate Change;
Utilities Industry;
United States
Gilson, Stuart C., and Sarah L. Abbott. "PG&E and the First Climate Change Bankruptcy." Harvard Business School Case 221-057, December 2020. (Revised September 2023.)
- November 2020 (Revised February 2021)
- Case
Integrating Beam Suntory (A)
By: David G. Fubini, Rawi Abdelal and David Lane
The spring 2014 acquisition of U.S. alcoholic spirits maker Beam Inc. by Japan’s Suntory Holdings vaulted Suntory from 15th to third-largest international spirits company in the world. Yet Suntory had borrowed nearly the entire $16 billion purchase price, and relied on...
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Keywords:
Family Business;
Communication;
Borrowing and Debt;
Globalization;
Corporate Governance;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Retention;
Leadership;
Supply Chain;
Organizational Structure;
Ownership;
Relationships;
Conflict and Resolution;
Integration;
Value Creation;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Japan;
United States;
Chicago
Fubini, David G., Rawi Abdelal, and David Lane. "Integrating Beam Suntory (A)." Harvard Business School Case 421-003, November 2020. (Revised February 2021.)
- November 2020
- Supplement
Integrating Beam Suntory (B)
By: David G. Fubini, Rawi Abdelal and David Lane
Supplements (A) case: The spring 2014 acquisition of U.S. alcoholic spirits maker Beam Inc. by Japan’s Suntory Holdings vaulted Suntory from 15th to third-largest international spirits company in the world. Yet Suntory had borrowed nearly the entire $16 billion...
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Keywords:
Family Business;
Communication;
Borrowing and Debt;
Globalization;
Corporate Governance;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Retention;
Leadership;
Supply Chain;
Organizational Structure;
Ownership;
Relationships;
Conflict and Resolution;
Integration;
Value Creation;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Japan;
United States;
Chicago
Fubini, David G., Rawi Abdelal, and David Lane. "Integrating Beam Suntory (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 421-004, November 2020.
- October 2020 (Revised June 2021)
- Case
Francisco Partners Private Credit Opportunity Fund
By: Luis M. Viceira, John D. Dionne, Soracha Prathanrasnikorn and Ari Sunshine
In April 2020, Scott Einsenberg, the Head of Credit at the private equity firm Francisco Partners, is deciding whether to go ahead with extending a private lending agreement to Eventbrite, Inc. (NYSE: EB), a leading global event management and online ticketing...
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Viceira, Luis M., John D. Dionne, Soracha Prathanrasnikorn, and Ari Sunshine. "Francisco Partners Private Credit Opportunity Fund." Harvard Business School Case 221-002, October 2020. (Revised June 2021.)
- October 2020
- Article
Collusion in Markets with Syndication
By: John William Hatfield, Scott Duke Kominers, Richard Lowery and Jordan M. Barry
Markets for IPOs and debt issuances are syndicated, in the sense that a bidder who wins a contract may invite losing bidders to join a syndicate that together fulfills the contract. We show that in markets with syndication, standard intuitions from industrial...
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Keywords:
Collusion;
Antitrust;
IPO Underwriting;
Syndication;
"Repeated Games";
Markets;
Game Theory
Hatfield, John William, Scott Duke Kominers, Richard Lowery, and Jordan M. Barry. "Collusion in Markets with Syndication." Journal of Political Economy 128, no. 10 (October 2020).
- October 2020
- Article
Corporate Legal Structure and Bank Loan Spread
This study examines how a corporate legal structure may affect borrowing costs. Corporate legal structure refers to the legal fragmentation of a firm into multiple, separately incorporated entities. This fragmentation is bound to be a factor when lenders determine the...
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Keywords:
Corporate Legal Structure;
Subsidiaries;
Bank Loans;
Minority Interest;
Credit Risk;
Organizational Structure;
Business Subsidiaries;
Financing and Loans
Sikochi, Anywhere (Siko). "Corporate Legal Structure and Bank Loan Spread." Journal of Corporate Finance 64 (October 2020).
- September 2020 (Revised November 2020)
- Case
d.light
By: Michael Chu, Krishna G. Palepu and Dilyana Karadzhova Botha
Kenyan off-grid-solar pioneer d.light can power entire homes in rural Africa but must now decide how to fund the growth of its asset-heavy business model. Ned Tozun and Sam Goldman founded d.light in 2006 to transform lives through solar solutions enabling access to...
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Keywords:
Alternative Energy;
Business Model;
Capital;
Emerging Markets;
Expansion;
Financial Strategy;
Renewable Energy;
Strategy;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Energy Industry;
Africa;
Kenya;
India
Chu, Michael, Krishna G. Palepu, and Dilyana Karadzhova Botha. "d.light." Harvard Business School Case 321-069, September 2020. (Revised November 2020.)
- 2020
- Chapter
Reserve Accumulation, Sovereign Debt, and Exchange Rate Policy
By: Laura Alfaro and Fabio Kanczuk
In the past decade, foreign participation in local-currency bond markets in emerging countries increased dramatically. Additionally, emerging countries are increasingly deviating from inflation targeting regimes, managing their exchange rate and engaging in...
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Alfaro, Laura, and Fabio Kanczuk. "Reserve Accumulation, Sovereign Debt, and Exchange Rate Policy." In Asset Management at Central Banks and Monetary Authorities: New Practices in Managing International Foreign Exchange Reserves, edited by Jacob Bjorheim. Springer, 2020. (Book link.)
- August 2020 (Revised December 2020)
- Case
Latam Airlines and COVID-19: Seeking Bankruptcy Protection in the United States
By: Laura Alfaro, Mauricio Larrain, Carlos Vilches and Sarah Jeong
On May 26, 2020, Latam Airlines became the largest airline in the world to be driven to bankruptcy by COVID-19. With a complex debt structure and international investor composition, the company decided to file for bankruptcy protection in the United States, which...
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Keywords:
Airlines;
Pandemic;
Coronavirus Pandemic;
Health Pandemics;
Air Transportation;
Insolvency and Bankruptcy;
Capital Markets;
Strategy;
Latin America;
Chile;
United States
Alfaro, Laura, Mauricio Larrain, Carlos Vilches, and Sarah Jeong. "Latam Airlines and COVID-19: Seeking Bankruptcy Protection in the United States." Harvard Business School Case 321-027, August 2020. (Revised December 2020.)
- August 2020
- Article
Leverage and the Beta Anomaly
By: Malcolm Baker, Mathias F. Hoeyer and Jeffrey Wurgler
The well-known weak empirical relationship between beta risk and the cost of equity—the beta anomaly—generates a simple tradeoff theory: As firms lever up, the overall cost of capital falls as leverage increases equity beta, but as debt becomes riskier the marginal...
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Baker, Malcolm, Mathias F. Hoeyer, and Jeffrey Wurgler. "Leverage and the Beta Anomaly." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 55, no. 5 (August 2020): 1491–1514.
- 2024
- Working Paper
Weak Credit Covenants
By: Victoria Ivashina and Boris Vallée
Using novel data on 1,240 credit agreements from the leveraged loan market, we propose simple measures of contractual complexity based on clauses qualifying negative covenants. We document a high average level of contractual complexity and significant heterogeneity....
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Keywords:
Leveraged Loans;
Loan Contracts;
Debt Covenants;
Carve-out;
Creditor Governance;
LBO;
Credit;
Agreements and Arrangements;
Leveraged Buyouts
Ivashina, Victoria, and Boris Vallée. "Weak Credit Covenants." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 27316, June 2020. (Revise and Resubmit at Management Science.)
- April 2020
- Supplement
Oaktree: Pierre Foods Investment
By: Victoria Ivashina and Terrence Shu
This case is a setting to discuss “loan to own” investment strategy that is often pursued by distressed investors. The aftermath of the 2007 financial crisis left many companies with poor liquidity and limited ability to obtain credit. One of these companies was Pierre...
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- April 2020
- Teaching Note
Oaktree: Pierre Foods Investment
By: Victoria Ivashina, Michael Harmon and Terrence Shu
Teaching Note for HBS No. 219-018. This case is a setting to discuss “loan to own” investment strategy that is often pursued by distressed investors. The aftermath of the 2007 financial crisis left many companies with poor liquidity and limited ability to obtain...
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- 2021
- Working Paper
Elusive Safety: The New Geography of Capital Flows and Risk
By: Laura Alfaro, Ester Faia, Ruth Judson and Tim Schmidt-Eisenlohr
A confidential dataset with industry-level disaggregation of U.S. cross-border claims and liabilities, shows U.S. securities to be increasingly intermediated by tax-haven-financial-centers (THFC) and less regulated funds. These securities are risky, in...
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Keywords:
Tax Havens;
Financial Centers;
Geography Of Flows;
Profit Shifting;
Tax Avoidance;
Risk;
Safe Assets;
Hetergeneous Firms;
Endogenous Entry;
Endogenous Monitoring;
Regulatory Arbitrage;
Assets;
Safety;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Capital;
Global Range
Alfaro, Laura, Ester Faia, Ruth Judson, and Tim Schmidt-Eisenlohr. "Elusive Safety: The New Geography of Capital Flows and Risk." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-099, March 2020. (Revised February 2021.)
- March 2020 (Revised February 2023)
- Case
Performance Management at Afreximbank (A)
By: Robert S. Kaplan, Siko Sikochi and Josh Steimle
Based in Cairo, Afreximbank was founded in October 1993 as a specialized continental financial institution designed to address the low level of intra-African trade, the decline in financial flows to Africa, the worsening external debt situation of many African...
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Keywords:
Performance Management;
Balanced Scorecard;
Performance Expectations;
Performance Evaluation;
Performance Improvement;
Organizational Culture;
Strategy;
Banking Industry;
Africa;
Egypt
Kaplan, Robert S., Siko Sikochi, and Josh Steimle. "Performance Management at Afreximbank (A)." Harvard Business School Case 120-029, March 2020. (Revised February 2023.)