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All HBS Web
(3,134)
- Faculty Publications (591)
- January 2023
- Case
Thomas Buberl: Refounding AXA
By: Hubert Joly, Mihir Desai and Amram Migdal
In 2022, AXA and its CEO Thomas Buberl faced new types of challenges, including systemic risks such as climate change, geopolitical instability, public health crises, and social tensions caused by economic risks. AXA was one of the world’s largest insurers. Since...
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Keywords:
Change;
Change Management;
Transformation;
Transition;
Trends;
Environmental Management;
Climate Change;
Ethics;
Values and Beliefs;
Finance;
Insurance;
Management;
Management Succession;
Risk Management;
Organizations;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Mission and Purpose;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Planning;
Strategic Planning;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Society;
Human Needs;
Social Issues;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Business Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
Insurance Industry;
Europe;
France;
Paris
Joly, Hubert, Mihir Desai, and Amram Migdal. "Thomas Buberl: Refounding AXA." Harvard Business School Case 523-059, January 2023.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Nailing Prediction: Experimental Evidence on the Value of Tools in Predictive Model Development
Predictive model development is understudied despite its centrality in modern artificial
intelligence and machine learning business applications. Although prior discussions
highlight advances in methods (along the dimensions of data, computing power, and
algorithms)...
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Keywords:
Analytics and Data Science
Yue, Daniel, Paul Hamilton, and Iavor Bojinov. "Nailing Prediction: Experimental Evidence on the Value of Tools in Predictive Model Development." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-029, December 2022. (Revised April 2023.)
- 2022
- Book
Private Equity
By: Paul A. Gompers and Steven N. Kaplan
This Advanced Introduction provides an illustrative guide to private equity, integrating insights from academic research with examples to derive practical recommendations. Paul Gompers and Steven Kaplan begin by reviewing the history of private equity then exploring...
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Gompers, Paul A., and Steven N. Kaplan. Private Equity. Elgar Advanced Introductions. London: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022.
- 2021
- Working Paper
The Contribution of High-Skilled Immigrants to Innovation in the United States
By: Shai Bernstein, Rebecca Diamond, Abhisit Jiranaphawiboon, Timothy McQuade and Beatriz Pousada
We characterize the contribution of immigrants to US innovation, both through their direct productivity as well as through their indirect spillover effects on their native collaborators. To do so, we link patent records to a database containing the first five digits of...
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Keywords:
Innovation;
Economic Growth;
Immigrants;
Innovation and Invention;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention;
Patents;
Innovation Strategy
Bernstein, Shai, Rebecca Diamond, Abhisit Jiranaphawiboon, Timothy McQuade, and Beatriz Pousada. "The Contribution of High-Skilled Immigrants to Innovation in the United States." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-065, December 2021. (NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30797, December 2022.)
- Winter 2022
- Article
Vaccines and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons from Failure and Success
By: Scott Duke Kominers and Alex Tabarrok
The losses from the global COVID-19 pandemic have been staggering—trillions in economic costs, on top of significant losses of life, health, and well-being. The world made significant and successful investments in vaccines to mitigate the pandemic, yet there were...
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Keywords:
COVID-19;
Vaccination;
Market Design;
Health Pandemics;
Loss;
Outcome or Result;
Opportunities;
Crisis Management
Kominers, Scott Duke, and Alex Tabarrok. "Vaccines and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons from Failure and Success." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 38, no. 4 (Winter 2022): 719–741.
- 2022
- Working Paper
How Do Investors Value ESG?
By: Malcolm Baker, Mark Egan and Suproteem K. Sarkar
Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) objectives have risen to near the top of the agenda for corporate executives and boards, driven in large part by their perceptions of shareholder interest. We quantify the value that shareholders place on ESG using a revealed...
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Keywords:
Investment;
Investment Portfolio;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Business and Shareholder Relations;
Environmental Sustainability;
Governance;
Financial Services Industry;
United States
Baker, Malcolm, Mark Egan, and Suproteem K. Sarkar. "How Do Investors Value ESG?" NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30708, December 2022. (Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-028, November 2022.)
- November 2022
- Article
Measuring Inequality beyond the Gini Coefficient May Clarify Conflicting Findings
By: Kristin Blesch, Oliver P. Hauser and Jon M. Jachimowicz
Prior research has found mixed results on how economic inequality is related to various outcomes. These contradicting findings may in part stem from a predominant focus on the Gini coefficient, which only narrowly captures inequality. Here, we conceptualize the...
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Keywords:
Economic Inequalty;
Gini Coefficient;
Income Inequality;
Equality and Inequality;
Social Issues;
Health;
Status and Position
Blesch, Kristin, Oliver P. Hauser, and Jon M. Jachimowicz. "Measuring Inequality beyond the Gini Coefficient May Clarify Conflicting Findings." Nature Human Behaviour 6, no. 11 (November 2022): 1525–1536.
- November 2022
- Article
The Psychosocial Value of Employment: Evidence from a Refugee Camp
By: Reshmaan Hussam, Erin M. Kelley, Gregory Lane and Fatima Zahra
Employment may be important to wellbeing for reasons beyond its role as an income source. This paper presents a causal estimate of the psychosocial value of employment in refugee camps in Bangladesh. We involve 745 individuals in a field experiment with three arms: a...
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Hussam, Reshmaan, Erin M. Kelley, Gregory Lane, and Fatima Zahra. "The Psychosocial Value of Employment: Evidence from a Refugee Camp." American Economic Review 112, no. 11 (November 2022): 3694–3724.
- October 25, 2022
- Article
Why Sharing Economic Growth with the Community Is Good Business
By: José A. Tiburcio, Lino Miguel Dias and Robert S. Kaplan
Subsistence dairy ranchers in Central America struggle to stay afloat during the dry season when grass is scarce. Global life sciences company Bayer has launched a program to enable them to produce their own corn silage feed. The results of this program are helping to...
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Keywords:
Sharing Economy;
Innovation;
Economic Growth;
Poverty;
Production;
Supply Chain;
Social Enterprise;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Central America
Tiburcio, José A., Lino Miguel Dias, and Robert S. Kaplan. "Why Sharing Economic Growth with the Community Is Good Business." Harvard Business Review (website) (October 25, 2022).
- October, 2022
- Article
The Economic Dynamics of Competing Power Generation Sources
By: Gunther Glenk and Stefan Reichelstein
Competing power generation sources have experienced considerable shifts in both their revenue potential and their costs in recent years. Here we introduce the concept of Levelized Profit Margins (LPM) to capture the changing unit economics of both intermittent and...
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Keywords:
Renewable Energy;
Intermittant;
Cost Accounting;
Profitability Analysis;
Learning-by-doing;
Cannibalization Effect;
Energy;
Environmental Management;
Investment;
Operations;
Technological Innovation;
Energy Industry;
Utilities Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Manufacturing Industry;
Europe;
North America;
South America;
Africa;
Asia
Glenk, Gunther, and Stefan Reichelstein. "The Economic Dynamics of Competing Power Generation Sources." Art. 112758. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 168 (October, 2022).
- September 2022
- Background Note
On CUE: The Quest for Optimal Customer Unit Economics
By: Elie Ofek, Barak Libai and Eitan Muller
Startups are often evaluated by how well they perform on unit economics, defined as the ratio of a customer’s lifetime value (LTV) to acquisition costs (CAC). A common target for unit economics, advocated by many VCs and analysts, is 3:1 (i.e., LTV/CAC=3). While there...
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Keywords:
Unit Economics;
Business Startups;
Performance Evaluation;
Customer Value and Value Chain;
Customer Relationship Management;
Analysis
Ofek, Elie, Barak Libai, and Eitan Muller. "On CUE: The Quest for Optimal Customer Unit Economics." Harvard Business School Background Note 523-050, September 2022.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Perceptions about Monetary Policy
By: Michael D. Bauer, Carolin Pflueger and Adi Sunderam
We estimate perceptions about the Federal Reserve’s monetary policy rule from panel data on professional forecasts of interest rates and macroeconomic conditions. The perceived dependence of the federal funds rate on economic conditions varies substantially over time,...
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Bauer, Michael D., Carolin Pflueger, and Adi Sunderam. "Perceptions about Monetary Policy." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30480, September 2022.
- September 2022
- Article
Regulatory Spillover and Workplace Racial Inequality
By: Letian Zhang
This paper suggests that affirmative action bans in the U.S. public sector may influence racial inequality in the private sector. Since the 1990s, nine states have banned affirmative action practice in public universities and state governments. Though these bans have...
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Keywords:
Inequality;
Regulation;
Law;
Organizational Norm;
CEO;
Affirmative Action;
Organizations;
Private Sector;
Equality and Inequality;
Diversity;
Race;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
Zhang, Letian. "Regulatory Spillover and Workplace Racial Inequality." Administrative Science Quarterly 67, no. 3 (September 2022): 595–629.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Consumer Demand with Social Influences: Evidence from an E-Commerce Platform
By: El Hadi Caoui, Chiara Farronato, John J. Horton and Robert Schultz
For some kinds of goods, rarity itself is valued. "Fashionable'" goods are demanded in part because they are unique. In this paper, we explore the economics of rare goods using auctions of limited-edition shoes held by an e-commerce platform. We model endogenous entry...
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Caoui, El Hadi, Chiara Farronato, John J. Horton, and Robert Schultz. "Consumer Demand with Social Influences: Evidence from an E-Commerce Platform." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30351, August 2022.
- 2022
- Article
Data Poisoning Attacks on Off-Policy Evaluation Methods
By: Elita Lobo, Harvineet Singh, Marek Petrik, Cynthia Rudin and Himabindu Lakkaraju
Off-policy Evaluation (OPE) methods are a crucial tool for evaluating policies in high-stakes domains such as healthcare, where exploration is often infeasible, unethical, or expensive. However, the extent to which such methods can be trusted under adversarial threats...
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Lobo, Elita, Harvineet Singh, Marek Petrik, Cynthia Rudin, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Data Poisoning Attacks on Off-Policy Evaluation Methods." Proceedings of the Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI) 38th (2022): 1264–1274.
- Article
The Value of Intermediation in the Stock Market
By: Marco Di Maggio, Mark Egan and Francesco Franzoni
We estimate a structural model of broker choice to quantitatively decompose the value that institutional investors attach to broker services. Studying over 300 million institutional equity trades, we find that investors are sensitive to both explicit and implicit...
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Keywords:
Financial Intermediation;
Institutional Investors;
Research Analysts;
Broker Networks;
Equity Trading;
Institutional Investing
Di Maggio, Marco, Mark Egan, and Francesco Franzoni. "The Value of Intermediation in the Stock Market." Journal of Financial Economics 145, no. 2A (August 2022): 208–233.
- July 2022 (Revised September 2022)
- Case
Birla Carbon Egypt: Building Soft Power in a Foreign Country
By: Jeremy Friedman and Malini Sen
Birla Carbon, a flagship business of the nearly $60-billion global conglomerate and India-headquartered Aditya Birla Group (ABG), is one of the world's top manufacturers and suppliers of high-quality carbon black. The largest among its 16 manufacturing plants is Birla...
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Keywords:
Acquisition;
Family Business;
Disruption;
Transformation;
Diversity;
Trade;
Energy;
Values and Beliefs;
Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues;
Global Strategy;
Government and Politics;
Private Ownership;
Civil Society or Community;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Value Creation;
Industrial Products Industry;
Rubber Industry;
Egypt;
Africa;
India;
Asia;
Atlanta;
United States
Friedman, Jeremy, and Malini Sen. "Birla Carbon Egypt: Building Soft Power in a Foreign Country." Harvard Business School Case 723-003, July 2022. (Revised September 2022.)
- 2024
- Working Paper
Do Collusive Norms Maximize Profits? Evidence From a Vegetable Market Experiment in India
By: Abhijit Banerjee, Greg Fischer, Dean Karlan, Matt Lowe and Benjamin N. Roth
Social norms have been shown to facilitate anti-competitive behavior in decentralized markets.
We demonstrate that these norms can also reduce aggregate profits. First, we present
descriptive evidence of competition-suppressing norms in Kolkata vegetable markets....
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Banerjee, Abhijit, Greg Fischer, Dean Karlan, Matt Lowe, and Benjamin N. Roth. "Do Collusive Norms Maximize Profits? Evidence From a Vegetable Market Experiment in India." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-006, July 2022. (Revised April 2024.)
- 2022
- Working Paper
Measuring the Tolerance of the State: Theory and Application to Protest
By: Veli Andirin, Yusuf Neggers, Mehdi Shadmehr and Jesse M. Shapiro
We develop a measure of a regime's tolerance for an action by its citizens. We ground our measure in an economic model and apply it to the setting of political protest. In the model, a regime anticipating a protest can take a costly action to repress it. We define the...
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Keywords:
Political Protests;
Modeling And Analysis;
Government and Politics;
Conflict and Resolution
Andirin, Veli, Yusuf Neggers, Mehdi Shadmehr, and Jesse M. Shapiro. "Measuring the Tolerance of the State: Theory and Application to Protest." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30167, June 2022.
- May 2022 (Revised April 2024)
- Case
Third Point in 2020: Growth Is Where the Value Is?
By: Robin Greenwood, James Williams and Denise Han
In early May 2020, Daniel Loeb’s team at Third Point was evaluating a potential growth opportunity in the Walt Disney Company and whether investor activism might play a role. Battered by the effects of COVID-19, the company’s stock had initially tumbled to $86 and then...
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Keywords:
Growth;
Equity;
Disney;
Value;
COVID-19 Pandemic;
Economics;
Strategy;
Growth and Development;
Investment Return;
Opportunities;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
North America
Greenwood, Robin, James Williams, and Denise Han. "Third Point in 2020: Growth Is Where the Value Is?" Harvard Business School Case 222-029, May 2022. (Revised April 2024.)