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- Faculty Publications (177)
Norms →
- 2014
- Working Paper
Non-Adherence in Health Care: A Positive and Normative Analysis
By: Mark Egan and Tomas J. Philipson
Non-adherence in health care results when a patient does not initiate or continue care that a provider has recommended. Previous research identifies non-adherence as a major source of waste in US health care, totaling approximately 2.3% of GDP, and have proposed a...
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Egan, Mark, and Tomas J. Philipson. "Non-Adherence in Health Care: A Positive and Normative Analysis." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 20330, July 2014. (Previously titled, "Health Care Adherence and Personalized Medicine.")
- June 2014
- Article
The Red Sneakers Effect: Inferring Status and Competence from Signals of Nonconformity
By: Silvia Bellezza, Francesca Gino and Anat Keinan
We examine how people react to nonconforming behaviors, such as entering a luxury boutique wearing gym clothes rather than an elegant outfit or wearing red sneakers in a professional setting. Nonconforming behaviors, as costly and visible signals, can act as a...
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Bellezza, Silvia, Francesca Gino, and Anat Keinan. "The Red Sneakers Effect: Inferring Status and Competence from Signals of Nonconformity." Journal of Consumer Research 41, no. 1 (June 2014): 35–54. (Finalist, 2017 Best Article Award for a paper published in JCR in 2014.))
- Article
Turnkey or Tailored? Relational Pluralism, Institutional Complexity, and the Organizational Adoption of More or Less Customized Practices
By: Ryan Raffaelli and Mary Ann Glynn
We examine how the organizational adoption of new practices is influenced by relational pluralism, i.e., an organization's multiple ties to actors inside and outside its industry. We theorize that institutional mechanisms of practice diffusion underlying relational...
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Keywords:
Networks;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Business Processes;
Adoption;
Customization and Personalization
Raffaelli, Ryan, and Mary Ann Glynn. "Turnkey or Tailored? Relational Pluralism, Institutional Complexity, and the Organizational Adoption of More or Less Customized Practices." Academy of Management Journal 57, no. 2 (April 2014): 541–562.
- 2014
- Article
Attentional Rhythm: A Temporal Analogue of Object-Based Attention
By: Julian De Freitas, Brandon Liverence and Brian J. Scholl
The underlying units of attention are often discrete visual objects. Perhaps the clearest form of evidence for this is the same-object advantage: Following a spatial cue, responses are faster to probes occurring on the same object than they are to probes occurring on...
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De Freitas, Julian, Brandon Liverence, and Brian J. Scholl. "Attentional Rhythm: A Temporal Analogue of Object-Based Attention." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 143, no. 1 (February 2014): 71–76.
- January–February 2014
- Article
IDEO's Culture of Helping
By: Teresa Amabile, Colin M. Fisher and Julianna Pillemer
Leaders can do few things more important than encouraging helping behavior within their organizations. In the highest-performing companies, it is a norm that colleagues support one another's efforts to do the best work they can. That has always been true for efficiency...
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Keywords:
Management Style;
Behavior;
Attitudes;
Organizational Culture;
Relationships;
Social and Collaborative Networks
Amabile, Teresa, Colin M. Fisher, and Julianna Pillemer. "IDEO's Culture of Helping." Harvard Business Review 92, nos. 1-2 (January–February 2014): 54–61.
- 2014
- Working Paper
Modularity and Intellectual Property Protection
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Joachim Henkel
Modularity is a means of partitioning technical knowledge about a product or process. When state-sanctioned intellectual property (IP) rights are ineffective or costly to enforce, modularity can be used to hide information and thus protect IP. We investigate the impact...
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Keywords:
Modularity;
Value Appropriation;
Relational Contracts;
Clans;
Rights;
Complexity;
Intellectual Property
Baldwin, Carliss Y., and Joachim Henkel. "Modularity and Intellectual Property Protection." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-046, December 2013. (Revised June 2014.)
- October 2013
- Article
License to Cheat: Voluntary Regulation and Ethical Behavior
By: F. Gino, E. Krupka and R. Weber
While monitoring and regulation can be used to combat socially costly unethical conduct, their intended targets are often able to avoid regulation or hide their behavior. This surrenders at least part of the effectiveness of regulatory policies to firms' and...
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Keywords:
Ethical Behavior;
Dishonesty;
Regulation;
Selection;
Social Norms;
Behavior;
Ethics;
Societal Protocols
Gino, F., E. Krupka, and R. Weber. "License to Cheat: Voluntary Regulation and Ethical Behavior." Management Science 59, no. 10 (October 2013): 2187–2203.
- 2013
- Working Paper
International Health Economics
By: Mark Egan and Tomas J. Philipson
Perhaps because health care is a local service sector, health economists have paid little attention to international linkages between domestic health care economies. However, the growth in domestic health care sectors is often attributed to medical innovations whose...
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Egan, Mark, and Tomas J. Philipson. "International Health Economics." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 19280, August 2013.
- June 2013
- Case
Ron Ventura at Mitchell Memorial Hospital
By: Frank V. Cespedes and Heide Abelli
Mitchell Memorial Hospital is a 750-bed regional academic medical center in Ohio. Andy Prescott, Chief of the Cardiovascular Center, is reviewing the performance evaluations of his star vascular surgeon Ron Ventura. The evaluations, the result of a 360-degree...
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Keywords:
Performance Expectations;
Conflict Management;
Behavior;
Groups and Teams;
Organizational Culture;
Resignation and Termination;
Health Care and Treatment;
Performance Evaluation;
Health Industry;
Ohio
Cespedes, Frank V., and Heide Abelli. "Ron Ventura at Mitchell Memorial Hospital." Harvard Business School Brief Case 913-572, June 2013.
- April 2013
- Article
An fMRI Investigation of Racial Paralysis
By: Michael I. Norton, Malia F. Mason, Joseph A. Vandello, Andrew Biga and Rebecca Dyer
We explore the existence and underlying neural mechanism of a new norm endorsed by both black and white Americans for managing interracial interactions: "racial paralysis," the tendency to opt out of decisions involving members of different races. We show that people...
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Keywords:
Behavior;
Race;
Judgments;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Personal Characteristics;
United States
Norton, Michael I., Malia F. Mason, Joseph A. Vandello, Andrew Biga, and Rebecca Dyer. "An fMRI Investigation of Racial Paralysis." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 8, no. 4 (April 2013): 387–393.
- February 2013
- Article
Exceptional Boards: Environmental Experience and Positive Deviance from Institutional Norms
By: Judith Walls and Andrew J. Hoffman
This paper explores the phenomenon of positive organizational deviance from institutional norms by establishing practices that protect or enhance the natural environment. Seeking to explain why some organizations practice positive environmental deviance while others do...
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Keywords:
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Networks;
Organizational Culture;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Environmental Management
Walls, Judith, and Andrew J. Hoffman. "Exceptional Boards: Environmental Experience and Positive Deviance from Institutional Norms." Special Issue on Greening Organizational Behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior 34, no. 2 (February 2013): 253–271.
- October 2012
- Article
The Gifts We Keep on Giving: Documenting and Destigmatizing the Regifting Taboo
By: Gabrielle S. Adams, Francis J. Flynn and Michael I. Norton
Five studies investigate whether the practice of "regifting"-a social taboo-is as offensive to givers as regifters assume. Participants who imagined regifting thought that the original givers would be more offended than givers reported feeling, to such an extent that...
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Adams, Gabrielle S., Francis J. Flynn, and Michael I. Norton. "The Gifts We Keep on Giving: Documenting and Destigmatizing the Regifting Taboo." Psychological Science 23, no. 10 (October 2012): 1145–1150.
- December 2012
- Article
Reflected Knowledge and Trust in Global Collaboration
By: Mark Mortensen and Tsedal Neeley
Scholars argue that direct knowledge about distant colleagues is crucial for fostering trust in global collaboration. However, their arguments focus mainly on how trust accrues from knowledge about distant collaborators' personal characteristics, relationships, and...
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Keywords:
Global Work;
Organizational Studies;
Knowledge;
Trust;
Cooperation;
Global Range;
Relationships;
Behavior;
Personal Characteristics
Mortensen, Mark, and Tsedal Neeley. "Reflected Knowledge and Trust in Global Collaboration." Management Science 58, no. 12 (December 2012): 2207–2224. (equal authorship.)
- Article
Can Wages Buy Honesty?: The Relationship Between Relative Wages and Employee Theft
By: C. X. Chen and Tatiana Sandino
In this study we examine whether, for a sample of retail chains, high levels of employee compensation can deter employee theft, an increasingly common type of fraudulent behavior. Specifically, we examine the extent to which relative wages (i.e., employee wages...
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Chen, C. X., and Tatiana Sandino. "Can Wages Buy Honesty? The Relationship Between Relative Wages and Employee Theft." Journal of Accounting Research 50, no. 4 (September 2012): 967–1000.
- 2012
- Working Paper
What Do Managers Do? Exploring Persistent Performance Differences among Seemingly Similar Enterprises
By: Robert Gibbons and Rebecca Henderson
Social networks and social groups have both been seen as important to discouraging malfeasance and supporting the global pro-social norms that underlie social order, but have typically been treated either as pure substitutes or as having completely independent effects....
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Keywords:
Social Norms;
Social Networks;
Triadic Closure;
Social Groups;
Group Identity;
Groups and Teams;
Identity;
Performance Consistency;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Societal Protocols;
Social Media
Gibbons, Robert, and Rebecca Henderson. "What Do Managers Do? Exploring Persistent Performance Differences among Seemingly Similar Enterprises." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-020, August 2012.
- 2012
- Article
The Two Facets of Collaboration: Cooperation and Coordination in Strategic Alliances
By: Ranjay Gulati, Franz Wohlgezogen and Pavel Zhelyazkov
This paper unpacks two underspecified facets of collaboration: cooperation and coordination. Prior research has emphasized cooperation, and specifically the partners' commitment and alignment of interests, as the key determinant of collaborative success. Scholars have...
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Gulati, Ranjay, Franz Wohlgezogen, and Pavel Zhelyazkov. "The Two Facets of Collaboration: Cooperation and Coordination in Strategic Alliances." Academy of Management Annals 6 (2012): 531–583.
- May 2012
- Article
Measuring the Prevalence of Questionable Research Practices with Incentives for Truth-telling
By: Leslie K. John, George Loewenstein and Drazen Prelec
Cases of clear scientific misconduct have received significant media attention recently, but less flagrant transgressions of research norms may be more prevalent and in the long run more damaging to the academic enterprise. We surveyed over 2,000 psychologists about...
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Keywords:
Research;
Practice;
Motivation and Incentives;
Surveys;
Values and Beliefs;
Measurement and Metrics
John, Leslie K., George Loewenstein, and Drazen Prelec. "Measuring the Prevalence of Questionable Research Practices with Incentives for Truth-telling." Psychological Science 23, no. 5 (May 2012): 524–532.
- April 2012
- Article
Bouncing Out of the Banking System: An Empirical Analysis of Involuntary Bank Account Closures
By: Dennis Campbell, F. Asis Martinez-Jerez and Peter Tufano
Using a new database, we document the factors that relate to the extent of involuntary consumer bank account closure resulting from excessive overdraft activity. Consumers who have accounts involuntarily closed for overdraft activity may have limited or no access to...
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Keywords:
Mathematical Methods;
Customers;
Social Issues;
Outcome or Result;
Budgets and Budgeting;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Competition;
Banks and Banking;
Policy;
Personal Characteristics;
Credit;
Employment;
United States
Campbell, Dennis, F. Asis Martinez-Jerez, and Peter Tufano. "Bouncing Out of the Banking System: An Empirical Analysis of Involuntary Bank Account Closures." Journal of Banking & Finance 36, no. 4 (April 2012): 1224–1235.
- 2012
- Working Paper
How Short-Termism Invites Corruption—And What to Do About It
Researchers and business leaders have long decried short-termism: the excessive focus of executives of publicly traded companies-along with fund managers and other investors-on short-term results. The central concern is that short-termism discourages long-term... View Details
Keywords:
Business and Shareholder Relations;
Public Ownership;
Performance Expectations;
Economy;
Crime and Corruption;
Ethics;
Trust;
Financial Services Industry;
United States
Salter, Malcolm S. "How Short-Termism Invites Corruption—And What to Do About It." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-094, April 2012.
- 2012
- Working Paper
~Why Do We Redistribute so Much but Tag so Little? Normative Diversity, Equal Sacrifice and Optimal Taxation
Tagging is a free lunch in conventional optimal tax theory because it eases the classic tradeoff between efficiency and equality. But tagging is used in only limited ways in tax policy. I propose one explanation: conventional optimal tax theory has yet to capture the...
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Keywords:
Forecasting and Prediction;
Cost;
Framework;
Policy;
Taxation;
Analytics and Data Science;
Performance Efficiency;
United States
Weinzierl, Matthew. "~Why Do We Redistribute so Much but Tag so Little? Normative Diversity, Equal Sacrifice and Optimal Taxation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-064, January 2012. (Revised August 2012. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 18045, August 2012)