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-
All HBS Web
(2,020)
- People (1)
- News (220)
- Research (1,647)
- Events (5)
- Multimedia (3)
- Faculty Publications (920)
- March 1982 (Revised January 1990)
- Background Note
Note on Pricing Strategies for Industrial Products
Used as a background reading for a course or course module on pricing, this note describes the several basic parameters relevant for price determination. Provides a conceptual approach to formulating pricing strategy, dealing with such topics as skimming versus...
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Corey, E. Raymond. "Note on Pricing Strategies for Industrial Products." Harvard Business School Background Note 582-124, March 1982. (Revised January 1990.)
- Fall 2014
- Article
Price Restrictions in Multi-sided Platforms: Practices and Responses
By: Benjamin Edelman and Julian Wright
In connecting buyers to sellers, some two-sided platforms require that sellers offer their lowest prices through the platform, disallowing lower prices for direct sales or sales through competing platforms. In this article, we explore the various contexts where such...
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Edelman, Benjamin, and Julian Wright. "Price Restrictions in Multi-sided Platforms: Practices and Responses." Competition Policy International 10, no. 2 (Fall 2014).
- May 2021
- Teaching Note
American Airlines' Value Pricing (Abridged)
By: Sunil Gupta and Alvin J. Silk
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 519-019.
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- May 2015
- Case
Pricing in a Digital World (2015)
By: John Gourville
Dynamic pricing, especially as practiced by Uber and Lift, seems to be all the rage. In this case, we look at five interesting applications of dynamic price and price customization, each made possible by advances in digital technology. These range from the online...
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- March–April 2023
- Article
Case Study: Should a Dollar Store Raise Prices to Keep Up with Inflation?
By: Jill Avery and Marco Bertini
How should a dollar store maintain its brand and price position in the marketplace in the face of rising inflation? Is holding a $1.00 price point still viable in today's marketplace? In this fictional case, managers face inflationary pressures and must decide whether...
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Keywords:
Pricing;
Pricing Strategy;
Retailing;
Discount Retailing;
Discount Store;
Marketing;
Marketing Strategy;
Brands and Branding;
Inflation and Deflation;
Retail Industry;
United States
Avery, Jill, and Marco Bertini. "Case Study: Should a Dollar Store Raise Prices to Keep Up with Inflation?" Harvard Business Review 101, no. 2 (March–April 2023): 140–144.
- October 2021 (Revised March 2022)
- Supplement
PittaRosso: Artificial Intelligence-Driven Pricing and Promotion
By: Ayelet Israeli and Fabrizio Fantini
PittaRosso, a traditional Italian shoe retailer, is implementing an AI system to provide pricing and promotion recommendations. The system allows them to implement changes that would affect both the top of funnel and bottom of funnel activities for the company: once...
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Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence;
Pricing;
Pricing Algorithm;
Pricing Decisions;
Pricing Strategy;
Pricing Structure;
Promotion;
Promotions;
Online Marketing;
Data-driven Decision-making;
Data-driven Management;
Retail;
Retail Analytics;
Price;
Advertising Campaigns;
Analytics and Data Science;
Analysis;
Digital Marketing;
Budgets and Budgeting;
Marketing Strategy;
Marketing;
Transformation;
Decision Making;
Retail Industry;
Italy
- December 2014
- Article
Second Thoughts About a Strategy Shift
By: Elie Ofek and Jill Avery
A retail guru attempts to reposition an established brand and introduce an entirely new pricing scheme. Early financial results from the strategic shift are not favorable. Based on the experience of U.S. retailer J.C. Penney, the piece raises fundamental questions...
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Keywords:
Brand Management;
Pricing Strategy;
Retailing;
Leadership;
Price;
Product Marketing;
Brands and Branding;
Retail Industry
Ofek, Elie, and Jill Avery. "Second Thoughts About a Strategy Shift." Harvard Business Review 92, no. 12 (December 2014): 125–127.
- March 31, 2022
- Article
Two Approaches to Capping Health Care Prices
By: Michael E. Chernew, Maximilian J. Pany and Leemore S. Dafny
High health care prices for the privately-insured contribute to high premiums, which put downward pressure on wages, and induce employers to reduce benefit generosity and charge employees more for coverage. As the average annual premium for family coverage currently...
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Chernew, Michael E., Maximilian J. Pany, and Leemore S. Dafny. "Two Approaches to Capping Health Care Prices." Health Affairs Forefront (March 31, 2022).
- August 2022
- Exercise
Joy4Home Brands: Pricing Matters
By: Elie Ofek, Oded Koenigsberg and Marco Bertini
Joy4Home Brands, the maker of novel houseware items, was gearing up for its launch. The company would be introducing two lines: kitchenware products and storage containers. The initial go-to-market plan called for a direct to consumer (DTC) channel strategy. While...
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Keywords:
DTC;
Pricing Decisions;
B2B;
Product Marketing;
Product Launch;
Marketing Strategy;
Business Model;
Opportunities;
Consumer Products Industry
Ofek, Elie, Oded Koenigsberg, and Marco Bertini. "Joy4Home Brands: Pricing Matters." Harvard Business School Exercise 523-709, August 2022.
- September 2010
- Article
Strategies to Fight Ad-sponsored Rivals
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Feng Zhu
We analyze the optimal strategy of a high-quality incumbent that faces a low-quality ad-sponsored competitor. In addition to competing through adjustments of tactical variables such as price or the number of ads a product carries, we allow the incumbent to consider...
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Keywords:
Strategy;
Business Models;
Tactics;
Pricing;
Business Model;
Advertising;
Competition;
Quality;
Price;
Product Marketing
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Feng Zhu. "Strategies to Fight Ad-sponsored Rivals." Management Science 56, no. 9 (September 2010): 1484–1499.
- 11 Sep 2008
- News
Good Pricing Strategies for Bad Times
- October 2021 (Revised May 2023)
- Case
Project Maji: Pricing Water in Sub-Saharan Africa
By: Elie Ofek, Marco Bertini, Dilyana Karadzhova Botha and Esel Çekin
In July 2021, Sunil Lalvani, founder and CEO of Project Maji, a non-profit social enterprise headquartered in Dubai that had already provided sustainable, clean water solutions to 80,000 people living in rural communities across Ghana and Kenya, was facing an important...
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Keywords:
Water;
Pricing;
Nonprofit Organizations;
Projects;
Price;
Decision Making;
Social Enterprise;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Equity;
Green Technology;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Africa;
Dubai
Ofek, Elie, Marco Bertini, Dilyana Karadzhova Botha, and Esel Çekin. "Project Maji: Pricing Water in Sub-Saharan Africa." Harvard Business School Case 522-043, October 2021. (Revised May 2023.)
- September 2022 (Revised November 2022)
- Teaching Note
PittaRosso: Artificial Intelligence-Driven Pricing and Promotion
By: Ayelet Israeli
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 522-046.
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Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence;
Pricing;
Pricing Algorithm;
Pricing Decisions;
Pricing Strategy;
Pricing Structure;
Promotion;
Promotions;
Online Marketing;
Data-driven Decision-making;
Data-driven Management;
Retail;
Retail Analytics;
Price;
Advertising Campaigns;
Analytics and Data Science;
Analysis;
Digital Marketing;
Budgets and Budgeting;
Marketing Strategy;
Transformation;
Decision Making;
AI and Machine Learning;
Retail Industry;
Italy
- 2021
- Case
NiPay's Pricing Conundrum
By: Marco Bertini and Oded Koenigsberg
NiPay is a software provider competing in the Nigerian business-to-business payments market. Founded by Idaku Ibrahim nearly 20 years ago, NiPay sells two products to retailers and other merchants, which enable individual shoppers to transact either online or via a...
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Bertini, Marco, and Oded Koenigsberg. "NiPay's Pricing Conundrum." London Business School Case, 2021. Electronic.
- September 2015
- Teaching Note
J.C. Penney's 'Fair and Square' Strategy (Abridged), (B), and (C)
By: Elie Ofek, Jose B. Alvarez and Michael Norris
This teaching note is for "J.C. Penney's 'Fair and Square' Strategy (Abridged), (B), and (C)," which tells the story of Ron Johnson's tenure as CEO of the U.S. department store J.C. Penney, his 2013 firing, and the rehiring of former CEO Myron E. "Mike" Ullman to try...
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- April 2013 (Revised October 2014)
- Teaching Note
J.C. Penney's 'Fair and Square' Pricing Strategy
By: Elie Ofek and Jill Avery
- September 2009
- Case
Culinarian Cookware: Pondering Price Promotion
By: John A. Quelch and Heather Beckham
In November of 2006, senior executives at Culinarian Cookware were debating the merits of price promotions for the company's premium cookware products. The VP of Marketing, Donald Janus, and Senior Sales Manager, Victoria Brown, had different views. Janus felt price...
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Keywords:
Profitability Analysis;
Consumer Marketing;
Brand Equity;
Pricing Policies;
Sales Promotions;
Small & Medium-sized Enterprises;
Decisions;
Goals and Objectives;
Price;
Marketing Strategy;
Consumer Behavior;
Management Teams;
Sales;
Brands and Branding;
Consumer Products Industry
Quelch, John A., and Heather Beckham. "Culinarian Cookware: Pondering Price Promotion." Harvard Business School Brief Case 094-057, September 2009.
- Article
Two-Sided Platforms: Product Variety and Pricing Structures
By: Andrei Hagiu
This paper provides a new modeling framework to analyze two-sided platforms connecting producers and consumers. In contrast to the existing literature, indirect network effects are determined endogenously, through consumers' taste for variety and producer competition....
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Keywords:
Pricing Structure;
Indirect Network Effects;
Product Variety;
Price;
Network Effects;
Two-Sided Platforms;
Product;
Renting or Rental;
Competition
Hagiu, Andrei. "Two-Sided Platforms: Product Variety and Pricing Structures ." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 18, no. 4 (Winter 2009).
- September 2016
- Article
History-based versus Uniform Pricing in Growing and Declining Markets
By: Oz Shy, Rune Stenbacka and David Hao Zhang
We analyze the Markov Perfect Equilibria of an infinite-horizon overlapping generations model with consumer lock-in to compare the performance of history-based and uniform pricing in growing and declining markets. Under history-based pricing, firms charge higher prices...
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Keywords:
History-based Pricing;
Introductory Discount;
Uniform Pricing;
Consumer Lock-in;
High Switching Costs;
Demand and Consumers;
Competition;
Price;
Market Entry and Exit;
Product Marketing
Shy, Oz, Rune Stenbacka, and David Hao Zhang. "History-based versus Uniform Pricing in Growing and Declining Markets." International Journal of Industrial Organization 48 (September 2016): 88–117.
- 2022
- Article
Dynamic Pricing Algorithms, Consumer Harm, and Regulatory Response
By: Alexander MacKay and Samuel N. Weinstein
Pricing algorithms are rapidly transforming markets, from ride-sharing apps, to air travel, to online retail. Regulators and scholars have watched this development with a wary eye. Their focus so far has been on the potential for pricing algorithms to facilitate...
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Keywords:
Competition Policy;
Regulation;
Algorithmic Pricing;
Dynamic Pricing;
Economics;
Law And Economics;
Law And Regulation;
Consumer Protection;
Antitrust Law;
Industrial Organization;
Antitrust Issues And Policies;
Technological Change: Choices And Consequences;
Competition;
Policy;
Price;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Microeconomics;
Duopoly and Oligopoly;
Law
MacKay, Alexander, and Samuel N. Weinstein. "Dynamic Pricing Algorithms, Consumer Harm, and Regulatory Response." Washington University Law Review 100, no. 1 (2022): 111–174. (Direct download.)