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All HBS Web
(4,480)
- Faculty Publications (679)
- 2023
- Working Paper
The Political Economy of a 'Miracle Cure': The Case of Nebulized Ibuprofen and Its Diffusion in Argentina
By: Sebastian Calónico, Rafael Di Tella and Juan Cruz Lopez Del Valle
We document the diffusion of nebulized ibuprofen in Argentina as a treatment for COVID-19. As the pandemic spread, this clinically unsupported drug reached thousands of patients, even some seriously ill, despite warnings by the regulator and medical societies. Detailed...
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Keywords:
COVID-19;
Health Care and Treatment;
Health Pandemics;
Adoption;
Behavior;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Learning
Calónico, Sebastian, Rafael Di Tella, and Juan Cruz Lopez Del Valle. "The Political Economy of a 'Miracle Cure': The Case of Nebulized Ibuprofen and Its Diffusion in Argentina." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 31781, October 2023.
- October 2023
- Case
Nelson Mandela: Changing the World
By: Robert L. Simons and Shirley Sun
This case traces the rise of Nelson Mandela from his tribal home in South Africa to president of the country. Rejecting expectations that he would be a tribal leader, Mandela instead dedicates his life to fighting Apartheid. After peaceful approaches fail, he joins...
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- October 2023
- Article
Improving Regulatory Effectiveness Through Better Targeting: Evidence from OSHA
By: Matthew S. Johnson, David I. Levine and Michael W. Toffel
We study how a regulator can best target inspections. Our case study is a U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) program that randomly allocated some inspections. On average, each inspection averted 2.4 serious injuries (9%) over the next five years....
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Keywords:
Safety Regulations;
Regulations;
Regulatory Enforcement;
Machine Learning Models;
Safety;
Operations;
Service Operations;
Production;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Decisions;
United States
Johnson, Matthew S., David I. Levine, and Michael W. Toffel. "Improving Regulatory Effectiveness Through Better Targeting: Evidence from OSHA." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 15, no. 4 (October 2023): 30–67. (Profiled in the Regulatory Review.)
- 2023
- Working Paper
Trusting Talent: Cross-Country Differences in Hiring
By: Letian Zhang and Shinan Wang
This article argues that a society’s social trust influences employers’ hiring strategies. In selecting workers, employers could either focus on applicants’ potential and select on foundational skills (e.g., social skills, math skills) or focus on their readiness and...
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Keywords:
Selection and Staffing;
Trust;
Competency and Skills;
Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues;
European Union
Zhang, Letian, and Shinan Wang. "Trusting Talent: Cross-Country Differences in Hiring." Working Paper, October 2023.
- September 29, 2023
- Article
Eliminating Algorithmic Bias Is Just the Beginning of Equitable AI
By: Simon Friis and James Riley
When it comes to artificial intelligence and inequality, algorithmic bias rightly receives a lot of attention. But it’s just one way that AI can lead to inequitable outcomes. To truly create equitable AI, we need to consider three forces through which it might make...
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Friis, Simon, and James Riley. "Eliminating Algorithmic Bias Is Just the Beginning of Equitable AI." Harvard Business Review (website) (September 29, 2023).
- September 2023
- Article
A Pull versus Push Framework for Reputation
Reputation is a powerful driver of human behavior. Reputation systems incentivize 'actors' to take reputation-enhancing actions, and 'evaluators' to reward actors with positive reputations by preferentially cooperating with them. This article proposes a reputation...
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Jordan, Jillian J. "A Pull versus Push Framework for Reputation." Trends in Cognitive Sciences 27, no. 9 (September 2023): 852–866.
- 2023
- Article
On the Impact of Actionable Explanations on Social Segregation
By: Ruijiang Gao and Himabindu Lakkaraju
As predictive models seep into several real-world applications, it has become critical to ensure that individuals who are negatively impacted by the outcomes of these models are provided with a means for recourse. To this end, there has been a growing body of research...
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Gao, Ruijiang, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "On the Impact of Actionable Explanations on Social Segregation." Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML) 40th (2023): 10727–10743.
- September 2023
- Article
The Dynamics of Team Learning: Harmony and Rhythm in Teamwork Arrangements for Innovation
By: Jean-François Harvey, Johnathan R. Cromwell, Kevin J. Johnson and Amy C. Edmondson
Innovation teams must navigate inherent tensions between different learning activities to produce high levels of performance. Yet, we know little about how teams combine these activities—notably reflexive, experimental, vicarious, and contextual learning—most...
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Keywords:
Groups and Teams;
Learning;
Performance Effectiveness;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention
Harvey, Jean-François, Johnathan R. Cromwell, Kevin J. Johnson, and Amy C. Edmondson. "The Dynamics of Team Learning: Harmony and Rhythm in Teamwork Arrangements for Innovation." Administrative Science Quarterly 68, no. 3 (September 2023): 601–647.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Channeled Attention and Stable Errors
We develop a framework for assessing when somebody will eventually notice that she has
a misspecified model of the world, premised on the idea that she neglects information that
she deems—through the lens of her misconceptions—to be irrelevant. In doing so, we...
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Gagnon-Bartsch, Tristan, Matthew Rabin, and Joshua Schwartzstein. "Channeled Attention and Stable Errors." Working Paper, August 2023. (Revise and Resubmit, Quarterly Journal of Economics.)
- 2023
- Working Paper
The Complexity of Economic Decisions
By: Xavier Gabaix and Thomas Graeber
We propose a theory of the complexity of economic decisions. Leveraging a macroeconomic framework of production functions, we conceptualize the mind as a cognitive economy, where a task’s complexity is determined by its composition of cognitive operations. Complexity...
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Gabaix, Xavier, and Thomas Graeber. "The Complexity of Economic Decisions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-049, February 2024.
- June 2023
- Case
Albert Einstein: Changing the World
By: Robert Simons and Shirley Sun
This case traces the rise of Albert Einstein from a small town in Germany to a towering intellectual leader who revolutionized the field of physics. The case describes his early education and his penchant for individual thinking and non-conformity. A committed...
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Keywords:
Science;
Research;
Personal Characteristics;
Mission and Purpose;
Success;
Work-Life Balance;
Higher Education;
Power and Influence
Simons, Robert, and Shirley Sun. "Albert Einstein: Changing the World." Harvard Business School Case 123-025, June 2023.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Second- versus Third-party Audit Quality: Evidence from Global Supply Chain Monitoring
By: Maria R. Ibanez, Ashley Palmarozzo, Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
To capitalize on the superior credibility and flexibility and lower cost of external assessments, many global buyers are shifting from using their own employee (“second-party”) auditors to relying more heavily (or entirely) on third-party auditors to monitor and...
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Keywords:
Auditing;
Audit Quality;
Working Conditions;
Sustainability;
Empirical Operations;
Empirical Service Operations;
Sustainability Management;
Corporate Accountability;
Agency Theory;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Supply Chain Management
Ibanez, Maria R., Ashley Palmarozzo, Jodi L. Short, and Michael W. Toffel. "Second- versus Third-party Audit Quality: Evidence from Global Supply Chain Monitoring." Working Paper, June 2023.
- June 2023 (Revised July 2023)
- Case
Social Media Background Screening at Fama Technologies
By: Joseph Pacelli, Jillian Grennan and Alexis Lefort
Fama Technologies is an online screening company that uses AI to analyze job applicants' publicly available online content for signs of risk and culture fit. The case opens with Ben Mones, founder and CEO, looking to secure funding from venture firms. He is running...
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Keywords:
Human Resources;
Recruitment;
Retention;
Selection and Staffing;
Organizational Culture;
Talent and Talent Management;
AI and Machine Learning;
Social Media;
Venture Capital;
Entrepreneurship;
United States
Pacelli, Joseph, Jillian Grennan, and Alexis Lefort. "Social Media Background Screening at Fama Technologies." Harvard Business School Case 123-010, June 2023. (Revised July 2023.)
- 2023
- Working Paper
Insufficiently Justified Disparate Impact: A New Criterion for Subgroup Fairness
By: Neil Menghani, Edward McFowland III and Daniel B. Neill
In this paper, we develop a new criterion, "insufficiently justified disparate impact" (IJDI), for assessing whether recommendations (binarized predictions) made by an algorithmic decision support tool are fair. Our novel, utility-based IJDI criterion evaluates false...
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Menghani, Neil, Edward McFowland III, and Daniel B. Neill. "Insufficiently Justified Disparate Impact: A New Criterion for Subgroup Fairness." Working Paper, June 2023.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Digital Lending and Financial Well-Being: Through the Lens of Mobile Phone Data
By: AJ Chen, Omri Even-Tov, Jung Koo Kang and Regina Wittenberg-Moerman
To mitigate information asymmetry about borrowers in developing economies, digital lenders utilize machine-learning algorithms and nontraditional data from borrowers’ mobile devices. Consequently, digital lenders have managed to expand access to credit for millions of...
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Keywords:
Borrowing and Debt;
Credit;
AI and Machine Learning;
Welfare;
Well-being;
Developing Countries and Economies;
Equality and Inequality
Chen, AJ, Omri Even-Tov, Jung Koo Kang, and Regina Wittenberg-Moerman. "Digital Lending and Financial Well-Being: Through the Lens of Mobile Phone Data." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-076, April 2023. (Revised November 2023. SSRN Working Paper Series, November 2023)
- June 2020
- Article
Real-time Data from Mobile Platforms to Evaluate Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
By: Omar Isaac Asensio, Kevin Alvarez, Arielle Dror, Emerson Wenzel, Catharina Hollauer and Sooji Ha
By displacing gasoline and diesel fuels, electric cars and fleets reduce emissions from the transportation sector, thus offering important public health benefits. However, public confidence in the reliability of charging infrastructure remains a fundamental barrier to...
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Keywords:
Environmental Sustainability;
Transportation;
Infrastructure;
Behavior;
AI and Machine Learning;
Demand and Consumers
Asensio, Omar Isaac, Kevin Alvarez, Arielle Dror, Emerson Wenzel, Catharina Hollauer, and Sooji Ha. "Real-time Data from Mobile Platforms to Evaluate Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure." Nature Sustainability 3, no. 6 (June 2020): 463–471.
- May 9, 2023
- Article
8 Questions About Using AI Responsibly, Answered
By: Tsedal Neeley
Generative AI tools are poised to change the way every business operates. As your own organization begins strategizing which to use, and how, operational and ethical considerations are inevitable. This article delves into eight of them, including how your organization...
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Neeley, Tsedal. "8 Questions About Using AI Responsibly, Answered." Harvard Business Review (website) (May 9, 2023).
- May 2023
- Article
Gentrification and Retail Churn: Theory and Evidence
By: Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca and Erica Moszkowski
How does gentrification transform neighborhood retail amenities? This paper presents a model in
which gentrification harms incumbent residents by increasing rental costs and by eliminating
distinctive local stores. While rising rents can be offset with targeted...
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Keywords:
Gentrification;
Neighborhoods;
Impact;
Local Range;
Transition;
Civil Society or Community;
Welfare;
Economic Growth
Glaeser, Edward L., Michael Luca, and Erica Moszkowski. "Gentrification and Retail Churn: Theory and Evidence." Art. 103879. Regional Science and Urban Economics 100 (May 2023).
- 2023
- Working Paper
Using GPT for Market Research
By: James Brand, Ayelet Israeli and Donald Ngwe
Large language models (LLMs) have quickly become popular as labor-augmenting tools
for programming, writing, and many other processes that benefit from quick text generation.
In this paper we explore the uses and benefits of LLMs for researchers and...
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Keywords:
Large Language Model;
Research;
AI and Machine Learning;
Analysis;
Customers;
Consumer Behavior;
Technology Industry;
Information Technology Industry
Brand, James, Ayelet Israeli, and Donald Ngwe. "Using GPT for Market Research." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-062, April 2023. (Revised July 2023.)
- 2023
- Working Paper
Feature Importance Disparities for Data Bias Investigations
By: Peter W. Chang, Leor Fishman and Seth Neel
It is widely held that one cause of downstream bias in classifiers is bias present in the training data. Rectifying such biases may involve context-dependent interventions such as training separate models on subgroups, removing features with bias in the collection...
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Chang, Peter W., Leor Fishman, and Seth Neel. "Feature Importance Disparities for Data Bias Investigations." Working Paper, March 2023.