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- 2024
- Working Paper
Product Liability Litigation and Innovation: Evidence from Medical Devices
By: Alberto Galasso and Hong Luo
We examine the relationship between product liability litigation and innovation by systematically
combining data on product liability lawsuits with data on new product introductions in a panel dataset of
leading medical device firms. We first document a decline in...
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Keywords:
Lawsuits and Litigation;
Product Development;
Technological Innovation;
Safety;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
Galasso, Alberto, and Hong Luo. "Product Liability Litigation and Innovation: Evidence from Medical Devices." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-063, March 2024.
- March 2024
- Case
Governing OpenAI
By: Lynn S. Paine, Suraj Srinivasan and Will Hurwitz
In late November 2023, OpenAI’s new board of directors took stock of the situation. The company, which sought to develop artificial general intelligence (AGI)—computer systems with capabilities exceeding human abilities—was looking to regain its footing after a chaotic...
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Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence;
Board Of Directors;
Board Decisions;
Board Dynamics;
Business Ethics;
Corporate Boards;
Governance Changes;
Governance Structure;
Leadership Change;
Legal Aspects Of Business;
Nonprofit;
Nonprofit Governance;
Open Source;
Partnerships;
Regulation;
Strategy And Execution;
Technological Change;
AI and Machine Learning;
Corporate Governance;
Leadership;
Management;
Mission and Purpose;
Technological Innovation;
Technology Industry;
San Francisco;
United States
- 2024
- Article
Beyond the 510(k): The Regulation of Novel Moderate-Risk Medical Devices, Intellectual Property Considerations, and Innovation Incentives in the FDA’s De Novo Pathway
By: Mateo Aboy, Cristina Crespo and Ariel Stern
Moderate-risk medical devices constitute 99% of those that have been regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since it gained authority to regulate medical technology nearly five decades ago. This article presents an analysis of the interaction between...
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Keywords:
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Health Care and Treatment;
Technology Adoption;
Technological Innovation;
Safety;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
United States
Aboy, Mateo, Cristina Crespo, and Ariel Stern. "Beyond the 510(k): The Regulation of Novel Moderate-Risk Medical Devices, Intellectual Property Considerations, and Innovation Incentives in the FDA’s De Novo Pathway." Art. 29. npj Digital Medicine 7 (2024).
- January 2024 (Revised February 2024)
- Case
OpenAI: Idealism Meets Capitalism
By: Shikhar Ghosh and Shweta Bagai
In November 2023, the board of OpenAI, one of the most successful companies in the history of technology, decided to fire Sam Altman, its charismatic and influential CEO. Their decision shocked the corporate world and had people wondering why OpenAI had designed a...
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Keywords:
AI;
AI and Machine Learning;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Ethics;
Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Leadership
Ghosh, Shikhar, and Shweta Bagai. "OpenAI: Idealism Meets Capitalism." Harvard Business School Case 824-134, January 2024. (Revised February 2024.)
- December 2023
- Case
Monsters in the Machine? Tackling the Challenge of Responsible AI
By: Paul M. Healy and Debora L. Spar
In November of 2022, the small tech company OpenAI released ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence chatbot which quickly captured the public’s imagination—becoming the world’s fastest-growing consumer application within months of its release. Though observers from across...
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Keywords:
Technological Innovation;
AI and Machine Learning;
Ethics;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Technology Adoption;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Technology Industry;
United States;
European Union;
China
Healy, Paul M., and Debora L. Spar. "Monsters in the Machine? Tackling the Challenge of Responsible AI." Harvard Business School Case 324-062, December 2023.
- 2023
- Article
Balancing Risk and Reward: An Automated Phased Release Strategy
By: Yufan Li, Jialiang Mao and Iavor Bojinov
Phased releases are a common strategy in the technology industry for gradually releasing new products or updates through a sequence of A/B tests in which the number of treated units gradually grows until full deployment or deprecation. Performing phased releases in a...
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Li, Yufan, Jialiang Mao, and Iavor Bojinov. "Balancing Risk and Reward: An Automated Phased Release Strategy." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) (2023).
- October 2023
- Case
Driving Sustainability at AB InBev
By: Ethan Rouen and Antonio Manuel Oftelie
It was the height of the summer in 2022, and Michel Doukeris, the CEO of Anheuser-Busch InBev (AB InBev), and Peter Kraemer, the company’s Chief Supply Officer, gazed across the vast desert surrounding Zacatecas, Mexico. They were visiting their Grupo Modelo Brewery,...
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Rouen, Ethan, and Antonio Manuel Oftelie. "Driving Sustainability at AB InBev." Harvard Business School Case 124-037, October 2023.
- September 2023
- Background Note
Amager Bakke: Municipal Waste to Energy
By: Willy Shih, Michael W. Toffel and Kelsey Carter
This background note describes the Amager Bakke waste-to-energy (WtE) plant in Copenhagen, which merges traditional waste incineration with a combined heat and power (CHP) plant and air pollution control (scrubbing) technology, and had plans to add carbon dioxide (CO2)...
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Keywords:
Decarbonization;
Innovation;
Innovation Focused Strategy;
Environmental Operations;
Circular;
Waste Heat Recovery;
Waste Management;
Carbon Regulation;
Buildings and Facilities;
Energy Generation;
Environmental Sustainability;
Pollution;
Climate Change;
Wastes and Waste Processing;
Innovation Leadership;
Innovation Strategy;
Energy Industry;
Denmark;
Netherlands;
Europe;
European Union
Shih, Willy, Michael W. Toffel, and Kelsey Carter. "Amager Bakke: Municipal Waste to Energy." Harvard Business School Background Note 624-040, September 2023.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Mapping Organizational-Level Networks Using Individual-Level Connections: Evidence from Online Professional Networks
By: Shelley Xin Li, Frank Nagle and Aner Zhou
Organization-level networks facilitate the flow of information and business activities in the
economy. Prior research relies solely on high-level connections to measure these networks. Therefore, to
understand the role of employee connections at all job levels in...
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Keywords:
Networks;
Value;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Innovation and Invention;
Knowledge Sharing;
Employees;
Social Media
Li, Shelley Xin, Frank Nagle, and Aner Zhou. "Mapping Organizational-Level Networks Using Individual-Level Connections: Evidence from Online Professional Networks." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-010, August 2023.
- August 2023
- Case
Kariyer.net: Recruiting AI
By: Shunyuan Zhang, Fares Khrais and Namrata Arora
In 2017, Fatih Uysal (AMP 2021) became CEO of Kariyer.net. By then, the business was already the industry leading online job board in Turkey. However, faced with stalling growth, a turbulent macroenvironment, and growing competition from international players, Uysal...
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Keywords:
Online Technology;
Marketing;
Websites;
Artificial Intelligence;
Innovation;
Two-sided Platforms;
Internet and the Web;
Product Launch;
Product Positioning;
Job Search;
Employment;
Transformation;
Volatility;
Innovation and Invention;
Disruptive Innovation;
Management Practices and Processes;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Competitive Strategy;
Business Startups;
Talent and Talent Management;
Cost vs Benefits;
Macroeconomics;
Corporate Entrepreneurship;
Emerging Markets;
Digital Platforms;
Employment Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
Technology Industry;
Middle East;
Turkey
Zhang, Shunyuan, Fares Khrais, and Namrata Arora. "Kariyer.net: Recruiting AI." Harvard Business School Case 524-014, August 2023.
- July 13, 2023
- Article
Threads Foreshadows a Big—and Surprising—Shift in Social Media
By: Scott Duke Kominers and Liang Wu
Threads, Meta’s Twitter competitor, has become the fastest downloaded app in history. One of the reasons for this is because it allows users to port over their profiles and follows from the already popular social media platform Instagram, also owned by Meta—a feature...
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Keywords:
Decentralization;
Twitter;
Facebook;
Instagram;
Crypto Economy;
Blockchain;
Network;
Industrial Organization;
Competition;
Open Innovation;
Open Platforms;
Open Source Innovation;
Social Networks;
Social Media;
Applications and Software;
Information Technology Industry
Kominers, Scott Duke, and Liang Wu. "Threads Foreshadows a Big—and Surprising—Shift in Social Media." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (July 13, 2023).
- June 2023
- Case
Block: Creating an Ecosystem of Ecosystems
By: Lauren Cohen, Richard Ryffel, Grace Headinger and Ruoshi Qi
At Investor Day 2022, Block announced a new vision for its businesses: creating an ecosystem of ecosystems. Outside the norm for many public growth companies, Block had recently acquired a variety of new business streams in the creator economy and Bitcoin despite a...
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Keywords:
Business Growth;
Fintech;
Company Management;
Growth Strategy;
Innovation And Strategy;
Acquisition;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Business Model;
Change;
Finance;
Growth Management;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Innovation Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Communication Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
Business Strategy;
Financial Services Industry;
Technology Industry;
United States;
California;
San Francisco
Cohen, Lauren, Richard Ryffel, Grace Headinger, and Ruoshi Qi. "Block: Creating an Ecosystem of Ecosystems." Harvard Business School Case 223-055, June 2023.
- 2023
- Article
Conduit Incentives: Eliciting Cooperation from Workers Outside of Managers' Control
By: Susanna Gallani
Can managers use monetary incentives to elicit cooperation from workers they cannot reward for their efforts? I study “conduit incentives,” an innovative incentive design, whereby managers influence bonus-ineligible workers’ effort by offering bonus-eligible employees...
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Keywords:
Organizational Behavior Modification;
Peer Monitoring;
Persistence Of Performance Improvements;
Crowding Out;
Implicit Incentives;
Compensation;
Healthcare;
Social Pressure;
Image Motivation;
Incentives;
Motivation;
Performance;
Behavior;
Motivation and Incentives;
Compensation and Benefits;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Organizational Culture;
Health Industry;
California
Gallani, Susanna. "Conduit Incentives: Eliciting Cooperation from Workers Outside of Managers' Control." Accounting Review 93, no. 3 (2023): 1–28.
- April 24, 2023
- Article
In the COVID Era, Why Corporate Benefits Demand CEO/CFO Leadership
The expectation that employers provide their employees’ health benefits has been around since World War II. Unfortunately, although today’s employees expect employers to treat them as individuals, ease their experiences, prioritize their wellbeing, and control cost,...
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Keywords:
COVID;
COVID-19 Pandemic;
CEO;
Leadership;
Health Insurance;
Benefits;
CFO;
Compensation and Benefits
Herzlinger, Regina E. "In the COVID Era, Why Corporate Benefits Demand CEO/CFO Leadership." CMR Insights (April 24, 2023).
- March 2023 (Revised May 2023)
- Technical Note
Technical Note: The Traits of Entrepreneurs
By: Jo Tango and Alys Ferragamo
Why do some entrepreneurs succeed and others do not? Are there personality traits that lead someone to become an entrepreneur? Although many questions still remain, there has been significant research on the “entrepreneurial personality.” This note provides an...
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Keywords:
Entrepreneur;
Innovation;
Personality;
Personality Traits;
Risk Preference;
Big Five;
Locus Of Control;
Success;
Entrepreneurship;
Personal Characteristics
Tango, Jo, and Alys Ferragamo. "Technical Note: The Traits of Entrepreneurs." Harvard Business School Technical Note 823-099, March 2023. (Revised May 2023.)
- March 2023
- Article
Not from Concentrate: Collusion in Collaborative Industries
By: Jordan M. Barry, John William Hatfield, Scott Duke Kominers and Richard Lowery
The chief principle of antitrust law and theory is that reducing market concentration—having more, smaller firms instead of fewer, bigger ones—reduces anticompetitive behavior. We demonstrate that this principle is fundamentally incomplete.
In many... View Details
In many... View Details
Keywords:
Antitrust;
Antitrust Law;
Antitrust Theory;
Law And Economics;
Collusion;
Collaboration;
Collaborative Industries;
Regulation;
"Repeated Games";
IPOs;
Initial Public Offerings;
Underwriters;
Real Estate;
Real Estate Agents;
Realtors;
Syndicated Markets;
Syndication;
Brokers;
Market Concentration;
Competition;
Law;
Economics;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Game Theory;
Initial Public Offering
Barry, Jordan M., John William Hatfield, Scott Duke Kominers, and Richard Lowery. "Not from Concentrate: Collusion in Collaborative Industries." Iowa Law Review 108, no. 3 (March 2023): 1089–1148.
- January 2023 (Revised May 2023)
- Case
Steve Jobs: Changing the World
By: Robert Simons and Shirley Sun
This case traces the life of Steve Jobs who throughout his career flaunted convention and chose an unusual path to success. The case describes how Jobs, as young man, acquired an appreciation for aesthetics and the liberal arts, but was also quick to recognize and...
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Keywords:
Entrepreneurship;
Technology;
Business Startups;
Personal Characteristics;
Leadership Style;
Innovation;
Work-life Balance;
Innovation Leadership;
Power and Influence;
Success;
Information Technology Industry;
United States
Simons, Robert, and Shirley Sun. "Steve Jobs: Changing the World." Harvard Business School Case 123-022, January 2023. (Revised May 2023.)
- 2023
- Working Paper
Public Perception and Autonomous Vehicle Liability
By: Julian De Freitas, Xilin Zhou, Margherita Atzei, Shoshana Boardman and Luigi Di Lillo
The deployment of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and the accompanying societal and economic benefits will greatly depend on how much liability AV firms will have to carry for accidents involving these vehicles, which in turn impacts their insurability and associated...
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Keywords:
Autonomous Vehicles;
Moral Judgment;
Liabilities;
Harm;
Insurance;
Moral Sensibility;
Legal Liability;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Technological Innovation;
Public Opinion
De Freitas, Julian, Xilin Zhou, Margherita Atzei, Shoshana Boardman, and Luigi Di Lillo. "Public Perception and Autonomous Vehicle Liability." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-036, January 2023. (Revised January 2023.)
- December 2022
- Case
To Feed the Planet: Juan Luciano at ADM
By: Joshua D. Margolis, David E. Bell, Damien McLoughlin, Stacy Straaberg and James Weber
In December 2022, Juan Luciano, Chairman and CEO of agribusiness and nutrition giant ADM, considered the next phase of the historic company’s future. Beginning in 2011 when he joined as COO and moving into his tenure as CEO in 2015, Luciano led a transformation of ADM...
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Keywords:
Agriculture;
Leadership;
Agribusiness;
Acquisition;
Business Units;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Customer Value and Value Chain;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Capital;
Cash;
Cost of Capital;
Cost Management;
Profit;
Food;
Global Range;
Innovation Strategy;
Leadership Development;
Leadership Style;
Leading Change;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Risk Management;
Organizational Culture;
Organizational Structure;
Strategic Planning;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Adaptation;
Business Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
Vertical Integration;
Value Creation;
Transformation;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
United States;
Chicago
Margolis, Joshua D., David E. Bell, Damien McLoughlin, Stacy Straaberg, and James Weber. "To Feed the Planet: Juan Luciano at ADM." Harvard Business School Case 423-060, December 2022.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Post-market Surveillance of Software Medical Devices: Evidence from Regulatory Data
By: Alexander O. Everhart and Ariel D. Stern
Medical devices increasingly include software components, which facilitate remote patient monitoring. The introduction of software into previously analog medical devices as well as innovation in software-driven devices may introduce new safety concerns—all the more so...
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Keywords:
Technological Innovation;
Safety;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Health Care and Treatment;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
Everhart, Alexander O., and Ariel D. Stern. "Post-market Surveillance of Software Medical Devices: Evidence from Regulatory Data." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-035, November 2022.