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- February 2024
- Article
Representation and Extrapolation: Evidence from Clinical Trials
By: Marcella Alsan, Maya Durvasula, Harsh Gupta, Joshua Schwartzstein and Heidi L. Williams
This article examines the consequences and causes of low enrollment of Black patients in clinical
trials. We develop a simple model of similarity-based extrapolation that predicts that evidence is
more relevant for decision-making by physicians and patients when it...
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Keywords:
Representation;
Racial Disparity;
Health Testing and Trials;
Race;
Equality and Inequality;
Innovation and Invention;
Pharmaceutical Industry
Alsan, Marcella, Maya Durvasula, Harsh Gupta, Joshua Schwartzstein, and Heidi L. Williams. "Representation and Extrapolation: Evidence from Clinical Trials." Quarterly Journal of Economics 139, no. 1 (February 2024): 575–635.
- December 2023
- Article
Self-Orienting in Human and Machine Learning
By: Julian De Freitas, Ahmet Uğuralp, Zeliha Uğuralp, Laurie Paul, Joshua B. Tenenbaum and T. Ullman
A current proposal for a computational notion of self is a representation of one’s body in a specific time and place, which includes the recognition of that representation as the agent. This turns self-representation into a process of self-orientation, a challenging...
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De Freitas, Julian, Ahmet Uğuralp, Zeliha Uğuralp, Laurie Paul, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, and T. Ullman. "Self-Orienting in Human and Machine Learning." Nature Human Behaviour 7, no. 12 (December 2023): 2126–2139.
- August 2023 (Revised February 2024)
- Case
DexAI
By: Jo Tango and Christina Wallace
During a challenging fundraising environment, the DexAI founders received two term sheets with nearly identical economic terms but very different legal ones. The entrepreneurs had to navigate: representations and warranties (their personal guarantees that the company's...
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- July 2023 (Revised July 2023)
- Background Note
Generative AI Value Chain
By: Andy Wu and Matt Higgins
Generative AI refers to a type of artificial intelligence (AI) that can create new content (e.g., text, image, or audio) in response to a prompt from a user. ChatGPT, Bard, and Claude are examples of text generating AIs, and DALL-E, Midjourney, and Stable Diffusion are...
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Keywords:
AI;
Artificial Intelligence;
Model;
Hardware;
Data Centers;
AI and Machine Learning;
Applications and Software;
Analytics and Data Science;
Value
Wu, Andy, and Matt Higgins. "Generative AI Value Chain." Harvard Business School Background Note 724-355, July 2023. (Revised July 2023.)
- December 2022
- Article
Entry Points: Gaining Momentum in Early-Stage Cross-Boundary Collaborations
By: Eva Flavia Martínez Orbegozo, Jorrit de Jong, Hannah Riley Bowles, Amy Edmondson, Anahide Nahhal and Lisa Cox
To address complex social challenges, it is widely recognized that leaders from public, for-profit, and civic organizations should join forces. Yet, well-intended collaborators often struggle to achieve alignment and fail to gain traction in their joint efforts. This...
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Orbegozo, Eva Flavia Martínez, Jorrit de Jong, Hannah Riley Bowles, Amy Edmondson, Anahide Nahhal, and Lisa Cox. "Entry Points: Gaining Momentum in Early-Stage Cross-Boundary Collaborations." Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 58, no. 4 (December 2022): 595–645.
- December 2022
- Article
Two Representations of Information Structures and Their Comparisons
By: Jerry R. Green and Nancy L. Stokey
This paper compares two representations of informativeness.
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Green, Jerry R., and Nancy L. Stokey. "Two Representations of Information Structures and Their Comparisons." Decisions in Economics and Finance 45, no. 2 (December 2022): 541–547.
- October 2022
- Case
Single.Earth
By: Rembrand Koning and Emer Moloney
Estonian greentech company Single.Earth is launching a nature-backed token that is linked to and funds the protection of a specific plot fo land. The first landowners had been onboarded to the company's Digital Twin, a virtual representation of the planet's natural...
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Keywords:
Alternative Assets;
Business Startups;
Entrepreneurship;
Climate Change;
Environmental Sustainability;
Green Technology;
Natural Resources;
Pollution;
Analytics and Data Science;
Marketing;
Product Marketing;
Product Launch;
Product Positioning;
Markets;
Market Timing;
Strategy;
Green Technology Industry;
Estonia
- 2022
- Working Paper
Racial Diversity in Private Capital Fundraising
By: Johan Cassel, Josh Lerner and Emmanuel Yimfor
Black- and Hispanic-owned funds control a very modest share of assets in the private capital
industry. We find that the sensitivity of follow-on fundraising to fund performance
is greater for minority-owned groups, particularly for underperforming groups. We...
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Keywords:
Buyouts;
Capital Formation;
Minorities;
Venture Capital;
Minority-owned Businesses;
Race;
Diversity;
Investment Funds;
Financial Services Industry
Cassel, Johan, Josh Lerner, and Emmanuel Yimfor. "Racial Diversity in Private Capital Fundraising." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-020, September 2022.
- 2022
- Working Paper
What Would It Mean for a Machine to Have a Self?
By: Julian De Freitas, Ahmet Kaan Uğuralp, Zeliha Uğuralp, Laurie Paul, Joshua B. Tenenbaum and Tomer Ullman
What would it mean for autonomous AI agents to have a ‘self’? One proposal for a minimal
notion of self is a representation of one’s body spatio-temporally located in the world, with a tag
of that representation as the agent taking actions in the world. This turns...
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De Freitas, Julian, Ahmet Kaan Uğuralp, Zeliha Uğuralp, Laurie Paul, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, and Tomer Ullman. "What Would It Mean for a Machine to Have a Self?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-017, September 2022.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Product2Vec: Leveraging Representation Learning to Model Consumer Product Choice in Large Assortments
By: Fanglin Chen, Xiao Liu, Davide Proserpio and Isamar Troncoso
We propose a method, Product2Vec, based on representation learning, that can automatically learn latent product attributes that drive consumer choices, to study product-level competition when the number of products is large. We demonstrate Product2Vec’s...
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Chen, Fanglin, Xiao Liu, Davide Proserpio, and Isamar Troncoso. "Product2Vec: Leveraging Representation Learning to Model Consumer Product Choice in Large Assortments." NYU Stern School of Business Research Paper Series, July 2022.
- March 1, 2022
- Article
Widespread Use of National Academies Consensus Reports by the American Public
By: Diana Hicks, Matteo Zullo, Ameet Doshi and Omar Isaac Asensio
In seeking to understand how to protect the public information sphere from corruption, researchers understandably focus on dysfunction. However, parts of the public information ecosystem function very well, and understanding this as well will help in protecting and...
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Keywords:
Reports;
Surveys;
AI and Machine Learning;
Knowledge Dissemination;
Knowledge Use and Leverage
Hicks, Diana, Matteo Zullo, Ameet Doshi, and Omar Isaac Asensio. "Widespread Use of National Academies Consensus Reports by the American Public." e2107760119. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119, no. 9 (March 1, 2022).
- Article
Behavioral and Neural Representations en route to Intuitive Action Understanding
By: Leyla Tarhan, Julian De Freitas and Talia Konkle
When we observe another person’s actions, we process many kinds of information—from how their body moves to the intention behind their movements. What kinds of information underlie our intuitive understanding about how similar actions are to each other? To address this...
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Keywords:
Action Perception;
Intuitive Similarity;
Multi-arrangement;
fMRI;
Representational Similarity Analysis;
Behavior;
Perception
Tarhan, Leyla, Julian De Freitas, and Talia Konkle. "Behavioral and Neural Representations en route to Intuitive Action Understanding." Neuropsychologia 163 (December 2021).
- September 2021
- Article
Shaking Things Up: Disruptive Events and Inequality
By: Letian Zhang
This paper develops a theory of how disruptive events could reduce racial and gender inequality in organizations. Despite pressure from regulators and advocates, racial and gender inequality in the workplace remains high. I theorize that because such inequality is...
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Keywords:
Inequality;
Equality and Inequality;
Diversity;
Race;
Gender;
Restructuring;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Disruption
Zhang, Letian. "Shaking Things Up: Disruptive Events and Inequality." American Journal of Sociology 127, no. 2 (September 2021): 376–440.
- 2021
- Chapter
Towards a Unified Framework for Fair and Stable Graph Representation Learning
By: Chirag Agarwal, Himabindu Lakkaraju and Marinka Zitnik
As the representations output by Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are increasingly employed in real-world applications, it becomes important to ensure that these representations are fair and stable. In this work, we establish a key connection between counterfactual...
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Agarwal, Chirag, Himabindu Lakkaraju, and Marinka Zitnik. "Towards a Unified Framework for Fair and Stable Graph Representation Learning." In Proceedings of the 37th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, edited by Cassio de Campos and Marloes H. Maathuis, 2114–2124. AUAI Press, 2021.
- May 19, 2021
- Article
Measuring the Impact of #MeToo on Gender Equity in Hollywood
By: Hong Luo and Laurina Zhang
The #MeToo movement has brought issues of sexual harassment and gender inequities to the forefront around the world. But how much of a tangible impact has it had on the experiences of women in the workplace? In this piece, the authors discuss their research that...
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Keywords:
#MeToo Movement;
Gender Equity;
Creative Industries;
Impact;
Gender;
Equality and Inequality;
Film Entertainment;
Social Issues
Luo, Hong, and Laurina Zhang. "Measuring the Impact of #MeToo on Gender Equity in Hollywood." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (May 19, 2021).
- April 2021
- Case
Glass-Shattering Leaders: Ros Atkins
By: Boris Groysberg and Colleen Ammerman
Ros Atkins launched the 50:50 Project on a BBC news program he anchored, deciding with his team to start tracking the gender of the contributors and experts featured on the show. Before long, it was clear that monitoring the data led to increased awareness of a gender...
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Keywords:
Gender Equality;
Allyship;
Representation;
Leadership;
Gender;
Equality and Inequality;
Media;
Analytics and Data Science
Groysberg, Boris, and Colleen Ammerman. "Glass-Shattering Leaders: Ros Atkins." Harvard Business School Case 421-075, April 2021.
- September 2020
- Teaching Note
Mary Guerrero and the Advancement of Latinx Talent: Developing an Employee Resource Group at a Top Tier Bank (A) and (B)
By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Amy Hernandez Turcios
Teaching Note for HBS Case Nos. 321-017 and 321-018.
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- September 2020
- Case
Keeping It in the Family at the Hayden Saw Company
By: V.G. Narayanan and John Masko
In 2019, Board Chair and third-generation shareholder Helen Fullerton was preparing for a meeting to discuss Ohio-based Hayden Saw Company’s (Hayden) future as a family business. As the company entered its fifth decade, the Hayden family was dealing with three distinct...
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Keywords:
Family Business;
Corporate Governance;
Family Ownership;
Business and Shareholder Relations;
Family and Family Relationships;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Construction Industry;
Ohio;
United States
Narayanan, V.G., and John Masko. "Keeping It in the Family at the Hayden Saw Company." Harvard Business School Case 121-026, September 2020.
- August 2020
- Case
Mary Guerrero and the Advancement of Latinx Talent: Developing an Employee Resource Group at a Top Tier Bank (A)
By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Amy Hernandez Turcios
Mary Guerrero was a first-generation Latina and an investment banking analyst at a top tier bank on Wall Street—Bulge Bracket Bank (BBB). She was committed to increasing representation of Latinx talent at her firm. She was already doing a lot of individual work to make...
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Keywords:
Latin America;
Bank;
Representation;
Scale;
Inclusion;
Coalition;
Resources;
Latinx;
Talent and Talent Management;
Diversity;
Ethnicity;
Banks and Banking;
Leadership
Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Amy Hernandez Turcios. "Mary Guerrero and the Advancement of Latinx Talent: Developing an Employee Resource Group at a Top Tier Bank (A)." Harvard Business School Case 321-017, August 2020.
- Article
Matching in Networks with Bilateral Contracts: Corrigendum
By: John William Hatfield, Ravi Jagadeesan and Scott Duke Kominers
Hatfield and Kominers (2012) introduced a model of matching in networks with bilateral contracts and showed that stable outcomes exist in supply chains when firms' preferences over contracts are fully substitutable. Hatfield and Kominers (2012) also asserted that in...
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Hatfield, John William, Ravi Jagadeesan, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Matching in Networks with Bilateral Contracts: Corrigendum." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 12, no. 3 (August 2020): 277–285.