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- May 2005
- Article
Break Free from the Product Life Cycle
By: Youngme Moon
Moon, Youngme. "Break Free from the Product Life Cycle." Harvard Business Review 83, no. 5 (May 2005).
- 01 Aug 2018
- What Do You Think?
Are Free Trade and Free Markets Quaint Ideas From the Past?
tariffs—equivalent to taxes—we are currently witnessing.) It reflects the fact that “global” market freedom for capital and goods may work, but market freedom for labor does not. As a result, labor suffers at the expense of the owners of capital and View Details
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by James Heskett
- September 2023
- Technical Note
Free and Open Source Software and Hardware
By: Frank Nagle
This technical note surveys the concepts of free and open source software and hardware. It introduces the concepts in general, providing a brief history of their development and numerous examples of how companies employ them in practice. Further, it identifies various...
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Keywords:
Corporate Strategy;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention;
Technological Innovation;
Nonprofit Organizations;
Competitive Strategy;
Patents;
Information Technology;
Business Model;
Open Source Distribution;
Applications and Software;
Information Technology Industry;
Technology Industry
Nagle, Frank. "Free and Open Source Software and Hardware." Harvard Business School Technical Note 724-380, September 2023.
- 11 Dec 2018
- Research & Ideas
Free Trade Needs Nurturing—and Other Lessons from History
and started World War I, and it all collapsed. As percentages of GDP, we didn’t return to those earlier levels of global capital flows until the 1990s. Global free trade is not the natural order of things. Globalization is a project, and...
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- 15 Jan 2007
- Research & Ideas
The Business of Free Software
recent research at Harvard Business School. In "The Business of Free Software: Enterprise Incentives, Investment, and Motivation in the Open Source Community," the authors—HBS professor Marco Iansiti and Gregory L. Richards of...
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- 18 Oct 2018
- Research & Ideas
How to Use Free Shipping as a Competitive Weapon
price remains a primary determinant of whether a consumer will buy a product, free shipping provides an added enhancement for online merchants to consider. Shoppers are only one-tenth as sensitive to increases in shipping fees as they are...
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- Article
Divide and Conquer: Competing with Free Technology under Network Effects
By: Deishin Lee and Haim Mendelson
We study how a commercial firm competes with a free open source product. The market consists of two customer segments with different preferences and is characterized by positive network effects. The commercial firm makes product and pricing decisions to maximize its...
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Keywords:
Profit;
Product Launch;
Network Effects;
Open Source Distribution;
Adoption;
Competitive Strategy;
Competitive Advantage
Lee, Deishin, and Haim Mendelson. "Divide and Conquer: Competing with Free Technology under Network Effects." Production and Operations Management 17, no. 1 (January–February 2008): 12–28.
- 05 Oct 2020
- Book
Want to Be Happier? Make More Free Time
time, not more money When people invest too much time and energy into making more money, it’s often because they assume the extra cash will bring greater happiness. But they are wrong. People with more free time are actually happier,...
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by Dina Gerdeman
- 2022
- White Paper
Census II of Free and Open Source Software - Application Libraries
By: Frank Nagle, James Dana, Jennifer Hoffman, Steven Randazzo and Yanuo Zhou
Produced in partnership with Harvard Laboratory for Innovation Science (LISH) and the Open Source Security Foundation (OpenSSF), Census II is the second investigation into the widespread use of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS). The Census II effort utilizes data...
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Nagle, Frank, James Dana, Jennifer Hoffman, Steven Randazzo, and Yanuo Zhou. "Census II of Free and Open Source Software - Application Libraries." White Paper, Linux Foundation and Laboratory for Innovation Science at Harvard, March 2022.
- 2018
- Working Paper
Shipping Fees and Product Assortment in Online Retail
By: Chaoqun Chen and Donald Ngwe
Shipping fees are an important aspect of online retail for both consumers and sellers. A common fee structure is contingent free shipping, in which consumers are granted free shipping for basket sizes above a minimum value and are charged a flat fee for orders below...
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Keywords:
Shpping Fee;
E-commerce;
Multi-category Demand;
Search Costs;
Shipping Membership;
Spending;
Consumer Behavior;
Retail Industry
Chen, Chaoqun, and Donald Ngwe. "Shipping Fees and Product Assortment in Online Retail." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-034, September 2018.
- 16 Oct 2018
- Working Paper Summaries
Shipping Fees and Product Assortment in Online Retail
- Article
R&D: A Small Contribution to Productivity Growth
By: Diego Comin
In this paper I evaluate the contribution of R&D investments to productivity growth. The basis for the analysis are the free entry condition and the fact that most R&D innovations are embodied. Free entry yields a relationship between the resources devoted to R&D and...
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Keywords:
Research and Development;
Investment;
Interest Rates;
Performance Productivity;
Technological Innovation;
Perspective;
United States
Comin, Diego. "R&D: A Small Contribution to Productivity Growth." Journal of Economic Growth 9, no. 4 (December 2004). (This paper was featured in BusinessWeek and Il Corriere Della Sera.)
- January 2021 (Revised March 2021)
- Exercise
E-Commerce Analytics for CPG Firms (C): Free Delivery Terms
By: Ayelet Israeli and Fedor (Ted) Lisitsyn
The E-Commerce Analytics group at the traditional CPG firm was in charge of compiling various online sales reports, as well as making data-driven recommendations for sales and marketing tactics. In a series of exercises, students address different data challenges for...
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Keywords:
Data;
Data Analysis;
Data Analytics;
Data Sharing;
CPG;
Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG);
Delivery Planning;
Customer Lifetime Value;
Online Channel;
Retail;
Retail Analytics;
Retailing Industry;
Ecommerce;
Grocery;
Grocery Delivery;
Margins;
Analytics and Data Science;
Retention;
E-commerce;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
United States
Israeli, Ayelet, and Fedor (Ted) Lisitsyn. "E-Commerce Analytics for CPG Firms (C): Free Delivery Terms." Harvard Business School Exercise 521-080, January 2021. (Revised March 2021.)
- 16 Jan 2006
- Research & Ideas
What Customers Want from Your Products
Marketers have lost the forest for the trees, focusing too much on creating products for narrow demographic segments rather than satisfying needs. Customers want to "hire" a product to do a job,...
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- March 2005 (Revised November 2005)
- Case
To Trade or Not to Trade: NAFTA and the Prospects for Free Trade in the Americas
By: Lakshmi Iyer
Discusses the impact of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on the United States, Canada, and Mexico, a decade after it came into force in 1994. Keeping in mind NAFTA's effect on jobs, exports, productivity, and economic growth, policy makers had to decide...
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Keywords:
History;
Agreements and Arrangements;
Performance Productivity;
Jobs and Positions;
Economic Growth;
Trade;
Foreign Direct Investment;
North and Central America
Iyer, Lakshmi. "To Trade or Not to Trade: NAFTA and the Prospects for Free Trade in the Americas." Harvard Business School Case 705-034, March 2005. (Revised November 2005.)
- Article
When Talk Is "Free": The Effect of Tariff Structure on Usage Under Two- and Three-Part Tariffs
By: Eva Ascarza, Anja Lambrecht and Naufel Vilcassim
In many service industries, firms introduce three-part tariffs to replace or complement existing two-part tariffs. In contrast with two-part tariffs, three-part tariffs offer allowances, or “free” units of the service. Behavioral research suggests that the attributes...
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Keywords:
Pricing;
Nonlinear Pricing;
Discrete/continuous Choice Model;
Three-part Tariffs;
Uncertainty;
Learning;
Free Products;
Price;
Consumer Behavior;
Analysis
Ascarza, Eva, Anja Lambrecht, and Naufel Vilcassim. When Talk Is "Free": The Effect of Tariff Structure on Usage Under Two- and Three-Part Tariffs. Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 49, no. 6 (December 2012): 882–900.
- January 2021 (Revised March 2021)
- Supplement
E-Commerce Analytics for CPG Firms (C): Free Delivery Terms
By: Ayelet Israeli and Fedor (Ted) Lisitsyn
The E-Commerce Analytics group at the traditional CPG firm was in charge of compiling various online sales reports, as well as making data-driven recommendations for sales and marketing tactics. In a series of exercises, students address different data challenges for...
View Details
Keywords:
Data;
Data Analysis;
Data Analytics;
Data Sharing;
CPG;
Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG);
Delivery Planning;
Customer Lifetime Value;
Online Channel;
Retail;
Retail Analytics;
Retailing Industry;
Ecommerce;
Grocery;
Grocery Delivery;
Margins;
Retention;
Analytics and Data Science;
Analysis;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
United States
- May 2009
- Case
Ceres Gardening Company: Funding Growth in Organic Products
By: John H. McArthur and Sunru Yong
Ceres is a leading player in the growing organic gardening industry, selling seeds, small plants, and related items. Their distribution depends heavily on retail sales through independent nurseries and garden centers. Because these small dealers are unable to finance...
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Keywords:
Accounting Procedures;
Marketing;
Business Growth;
Plant-Based Agribusiness;
Marketing Strategy;
Expansion;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Marketing Channels;
Credit;
Financial Statements;
Sales;
Retail Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry
McArthur, John H., and Sunru Yong. "Ceres Gardening Company: Funding Growth in Organic Products." Harvard Business School Brief Case 094-017, May 2009.
- 08 Jan 2014
- What Do You Think?
Do Productivity Increases Contribute to Social Inequality?
Summing Up Does Social Equality Improve Productivity? Inequality in our society is an important and growing issue. It prompted a debate among respondents to this month's column about the causes, specifically the role played by innovation leading to increased View Details
Keywords:
by James Heskett
- November 2015 (Revised January 2016)
- Teaching Note
McDonald's Corporation: Managing a Sustainable Supply Chain—From Amazon Soya to Cage Free Eggs
This case provides an opportunity for students to consider how large, multinational corporations should respond when targeted by activists regarding environmental and social concerns in their supply chains. Greenpeace targeted McDonald's because its chicken supplier...
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