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All HBS Web
(1,133)
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- News (204)
- Research (800)
- Events (11)
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- June 2022 (Revised July 2022)
- Technical Note
Causal Inference
This note provides an overview of causal inference for an introductory data science course. First, the note discusses observational studies and confounding variables. Next the note describes how randomized experiments can be used to account for the effect of...
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Keywords:
Causal Inference;
Causality;
Experiment;
Experimental Design;
Data Science;
Analytics and Data Science
Bojinov, Iavor I., Michael Parzen, and Paul Hamilton. "Causal Inference." Harvard Business School Technical Note 622-111, June 2022. (Revised July 2022.)
- Article
Causal Inference in Accounting Research
By: Ian D. Gow, David F. Larcker and Peter C. Reiss
This paper examines the approaches accounting researchers use to draw causal inferences using observational (or non-experimental) data. The vast majority of accounting research papers draws causal inferences notwithstanding the well-known difficulties in doing so with...
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Gow, Ian D., David F. Larcker, and Peter C. Reiss. "Causal Inference in Accounting Research." Journal of Accounting Research 54, no. 2 (May 2016): 477–523.
- June 2003
- Case
Peabody Elementary School (A)
By: Rosabeth M. Kanter and Kevin Morris
A new principal, Marty Pettigrew, has just joined this inner-city optional school--which offers special programs in international studies to attract children from all over the city. Entering mid-way through the school year, he observes a number of areas of concern,...
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- April 2011
- Article
What Can We Learn from 'Great Negotiations'?
What can one legitimately learn-analytically and/or prescriptively-from detailed historical case studies of "great negotiations," chosen more for their salience than their analytic characteristics or comparability? Taking a number of such cases compiled by Stanton...
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Keywords:
Learning;
International Relations;
History;
Agreements and Arrangements;
Negotiation Process;
Conflict and Resolution
Sebenius, James K. "What Can We Learn from 'Great Negotiations'?" Negotiation Journal 27, no. 2 (April 2011).
- March 2012
- Article
The Hierarchical Face: Higher Rankings Lead to Less Cooperative Looks
By: Patricia Chen, Christopher G. Myers, Shirli Kopelman and Stephen M. Garcia
In 3 studies, we tested the hypothesis that the higher ranked an individual's group is, the less cooperative the facial expression of that person is judged to be. Study 1 established this effect among business school deans, with observers rating individuals from higher...
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Chen, Patricia, Christopher G. Myers, Shirli Kopelman, and Stephen M. Garcia. "The Hierarchical Face: Higher Rankings Lead to Less Cooperative Looks." Journal of Applied Psychology 97, no. 2 (March 2012): 479–486.
- 2014
- Article
Thought Calibration: How Thinking Just the Right Amount Increases One’s Influence and Appeal
By: Daniella Kupor, Zakary L. Tormala, Michael I. Norton and Derek D. Rucker
Previous research suggests that people draw inferences about their attitudes and preferences based on their own thoughtfulness. The current research explores how observing other individuals make decisions more or less thoughtfully can shape perceptions of those...
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Keywords:
Thoughtfulness;
Liking;
Social Influence;
Decisions;
Attitudes;
Cognition and Thinking;
Power and Influence
Kupor, Daniella, Zakary L. Tormala, Michael I. Norton, and Derek D. Rucker. "Thought Calibration: How Thinking Just the Right Amount Increases One’s Influence and Appeal." Social Psychological & Personality Science 5, no. 3 (April 2014): 263–270.
- 2010
- Article
I May Not Agree With You, but I Trust You: Caring About Social Issues Signals Integrity
By: Julian Zlatev
What characteristics of an individual signal trustworthiness to other people? I propose that individuals who care about contentious social issues signal to observers that they have integrity and thus can be trusted. Critically, this signal conveys trustworthiness...
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Zlatev, Julian. "I May Not Agree With You, but I Trust You: Caring About Social Issues Signals Integrity." Psychological Science 30, no. 6 (June 2019): 880–892.
- Teaching Interest
IFC Asia: China's Belt & Road Initiative
By: Willy C. Shih
The course objective is to provide students perspectives and insight into one of the major political and economic development programs of China – its Belt and Road Initiative, a strategy that involves infrastructure development and investments in countries spanning... View Details
Keywords:
China;
Globalization;
Trade;
Infrastructure;
China;
Southeast Asia;
South Asia;
Central Asia
- 2021
- Working Paper
Time Dependence and Preference: Implications for Compensation Structure and Shift Scheduling
By: Doug J. Chung, Byungyeon Kim and Byoung G. Park
This study jointly examines agents’ time dependence—period effects within instantaneous utility—and time preference—behavior on discounting future utility. The study considers the start- and end-of-period effects for time dependence and exponential and hyperbolic...
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Keywords:
Time Preferences;
Present Bias;
Hyperbolic Discounting;
Compensation;
Dynamic Structural Models;
Identification;
Time Management;
Motivation and Incentives;
Behavior;
Performance;
Compensation and Benefits
Chung, Doug J., Byungyeon Kim, and Byoung G. Park. "Time Dependence and Preference: Implications for Compensation Structure and Shift Scheduling." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-121, April 2021.
- Research Summary
Seeing Thought
By: Gerald Zaltman
This program of research combines the results from ZMET studies to create marketing stimuli such as advertising, retail store designs, product concepts, product design, and so forth, which are then presented to a sample of consumers whose reactions are observed using...
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- 22 Nov 2023
- Research & Ideas
Humans vs. Machines: Untangling the Tasks AI Can (and Can't) Handle
Knowing when to use artificial intelligence and when to rely on the human mind is a shifting fine line, one delineated by new research that shows considerable benefit and speed from generative AI—if it’s applied to the right tasks. What businesses need to know from a...
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- Mar 2021
- Conference Presentation
Descent-to-Delete: Gradient-Based Methods for Machine Unlearning
By: Seth Neel, Aaron Leon Roth and Saeed Sharifi-Malvajerdi
We study the data deletion problem for convex models. By leveraging techniques from convex optimization and reservoir sampling, we give the first data deletion algorithms that are able to handle an arbitrarily long sequence of adversarial updates while promising both...
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Neel, Seth, Aaron Leon Roth, and Saeed Sharifi-Malvajerdi. "Descent-to-Delete: Gradient-Based Methods for Machine Unlearning." Paper presented at the 32nd Algorithmic Learning Theory Conference, March 2021.
- 2006
- Dissertation
Enterprise Risk Management in Action
By: Anette Mikes
The new Basel regulatory initiatives and a burgeoning risk management literature signify the rise of enterprise risk management (ERM) in the financial services sector. However, very little is known of the roles that risk management plays in organizations and how it...
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- 2010
- Working Paper
On the Descriptive Value of Loss Aversion in Decisions under Risk
By: Eyal Ert and Ido Erev
Five studies are presented that explore the assertion that losses loom larger than gains. The first two studies reveal equal sensitivity to gains and losses. For example, half of the participants preferred the gamble "1000 with probability 0.5; -1000 otherwise"...
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Ert, Eyal, and Ido Erev. "On the Descriptive Value of Loss Aversion in Decisions under Risk." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-056, January 2010.
- April 2008 (Revised July 2011)
- Background Note
Strategic Decline
By: David J. Collis and Jan W. Rivkin
This note first documents the facts around the sustainability of competitive advantage. It then observes that the demise of a previously successful strategy, in the first instance, often comes from some change in the external environment. It, therefore, characterizes...
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Keywords:
Competitive Advantage;
Strategy;
Situation or Environment;
Organizational Change and Adaptation
Collis, David J., and Jan W. Rivkin. "Strategic Decline." Harvard Business School Background Note 708-497, April 2008. (Revised July 2011.)
- December 1999
- Article
Changes in the Work Environment for Creativity during Downsizing
By: T. M. Amabile and Regina Conti
This study examined the work environment for creativity at a large high-technology firm before, during, and after a major downsizing. Creativity and most creativity-supporting aspects of the perceived work environment declined significantly during the downsizing but...
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Keywords:
Organizational Culture;
Situation or Environment;
Creativity;
Resignation and Termination;
Employees;
Business or Company Management;
Motivation and Incentives;
Management Practices and Processes;
Crisis Management;
Groups and Teams;
Communication;
Announcements;
Interpersonal Communication
Amabile, T. M., and Regina Conti. "Changes in the Work Environment for Creativity during Downsizing." Academy of Management Journal 42, no. 6 (December 1999): 630–640.
- September–October 2019
- Article
How Purchase Probability Scales Can Shed Light on Consumer Purchase Intentions
By: Rene Befurt and Alvin J. Silk
Market researchers generally, and survey experts specifically, study consumers to learn about their behavior: What are consumers’ opinions, attitudes, thoughts, and actions at the various stages of the buying process? Especially in litigation cases, these and other...
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Befurt, Rene, and Alvin J. Silk. "How Purchase Probability Scales Can Shed Light on Consumer Purchase Intentions." Landslide: Advancing Intellectual Property Law 12, no. 1 (September–October 2019): 51–54.
- Article
Olfactory Cues from Romantic Partners and Strangers Moderate Women's Responses to Stress
By: Marlise Hofer, Hanne Collins, Ashley V. Whillans and Frances Chen
The scent of another person can activate memories, trigger emotions, and spark romantic attraction; however, almost nothing is known about whether and how human scents influence responses to stress. In the current study, 96 women were randomly assigned to smell one of...
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Hofer, Marlise, Hanne Collins, Ashley V. Whillans, and Frances Chen. "Olfactory Cues from Romantic Partners and Strangers Moderate Women's Responses to Stress." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 114, no. 1 (January 2018): 1–9. (Lead Article.)
- 14 Sep 2020
- Research & Ideas
You're Right! You Are Working Longer and Attending More Meetings
Work-from-home employees whose days seem longer, with more meetings and emails than ever before, may find a new Harvard Business School study validating. An analysis of the emails and meetings of 3.1 million people in 16 global cities...
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Keywords:
by Danielle Kost