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- August 1984 (Revised March 1989)
- Background Note
Incremental Leadership
By: Joseph L. Badaracco Jr. and Richard R. Ellsworth
Keywords:
Leadership Style
Badaracco, Joseph L., Jr., and Richard R. Ellsworth. "Incremental Leadership." Harvard Business School Background Note 385-106, August 1984. (Revised March 1989.)
- April 2018
- Article
Elite Strategies and Incremental Policy Change: The Expansion of Primary Education in India
By: Akshay Mangla
This article analyzes India’s recent enactment of universal primary education. This programmatic policy change is puzzling given the clientelistic features of Indian democracy. Drawing on interviews and official documents, I demonstrate the catalytic role of committed...
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Keywords:
Education;
Policy Change;
Policy Elites;
Institutions;
India;
Early Childhood Education;
Policy;
Education Industry;
India
Mangla, Akshay. "Elite Strategies and Incremental Policy Change: The Expansion of Primary Education in India." Governance 31, no. 2 (April 2018): 381–399.
Incremental and Radical Innovation: Design Research vs. Technology and Meaning Change
The need has emerged for a better understanding of design research and design innovation and how they are linked. In our discussion, we consider design as the process of “making sense of things.” Hence, our questions turn more precisely into the following ones: What... View Details
- 2017
- Working Paper
Elite Ideas and Incremental Policy Change: The Expansion of Primary Education in India
By: Akshay Mangla
This paper analyzes India’s recent enactment of universal primary education. Given the clientelistic features of Indian democracy, this programmatic policy change presents a puzzle. Drawing on interviews and official documents, I find that committed state elites...
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Keywords:
India;
Political Economy;
Ideas;
Institutional Change;
Education;
Change Management;
India
Mangla, Akshay. "Elite Ideas and Incremental Policy Change: The Expansion of Primary Education in India." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-077, February 2017.
- August 2014 (Revised March 2015)
- Case
Optimization and Expansion at OpenTable
By: Benjamin Edelman and Karen Webster
OpenTable considers adjustments to increase its benefits to merchants, including a novel payments service that lets customers skip the multi-step process of using a credit card.
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Keywords:
Payments;
Pricing;
Mobile;
Rollout;
Incrementality;
Innovation Strategy;
Credit Cards;
Accommodations Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
United States
Edelman, Benjamin, and Karen Webster. "Optimization and Expansion at OpenTable." Harvard Business School Case 915-003, August 2014. (Revised March 2015.) (request courtesy copy.)
- 2018
- Working Paper
Creativity Under Fire: The Effects of Competition on Creative Production
By: Daniel P. Gross
Though fundamental to innovation and essential to many industries and occupations, individual creativity has received limited attention as an economic behavior and has historically proven difficult to study. This paper studies the incentive effects of competition on...
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Keywords:
Incentives;
Tournaments;
Radical Vs. Incremental Innovation;
Motivation and Incentives;
Competition;
Creativity;
Innovation and Invention
Gross, Daniel P. "Creativity Under Fire: The Effects of Competition on Creative Production." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-109, March 2016. (Accepted at The Review of Economics and Statistics. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 25057, September 2018)
- Summer 2012
- Article
Epistemic Contests and the Legitimacy of the World Trade Organization: The Brazil–USA Cotton Dispute and the Incremental Balancing of Interests
By: Arthur A. Daemmrich
The World Trade Organization (WTO) features prominently in studies of international institutions, often cast either as a tool of rich-world domination over the poorer South or as a neutral mediator facilitating a tariff-free world of economic prosperity. This article...
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Keywords:
Organizations;
Trade;
Conflict and Resolution;
Consumer Products Industry;
Brazil;
United States
Daemmrich, Arthur A. "Epistemic Contests and the Legitimacy of the World Trade Organization: The Brazil–USA Cotton Dispute and the Incremental Balancing of Interests." Special Issue on Dispute Settlement at the WTO. Trade, Law and Development 4, no. 1 (Summer 2012): 200–240.
- January 2013 (Revised October 2015)
- Case
Pittsburgh
By: Eric Werker, Meg Rithmire, Benjamin Kennedy and Andrew Knauer
The case narrates the development of Pittsburgh from the 1940s to 2012. It analyzes the collapse of the steel industry in the early 1980s, the city's subsequent decline, and the city's later re-emergence as a hub for higher education, the tech sector, and the...
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Keywords:
Google;
Population;
City Growth;
Shale;
PNC;
Tom Murphy;
Luke Ravenstahl;
Public-private Partnership;
Tax Increment Financing;
Brownfields;
Renaissance;
Industry Clusters;
Industry Growth;
City;
Business and Government Relations;
Taxation;
Philanthropy and Charitable Giving;
Nonprofit Organizations;
Higher Education;
Technology Industry;
Health Industry;
Steel Industry;
Education Industry;
Pittsburgh
Werker, Eric, Meg Rithmire, Benjamin Kennedy, and Andrew Knauer. "Pittsburgh." Harvard Business School Case 713-035, January 2013. (Revised October 2015.)
- February 1999
- Article
The Persistence of Shocks to Profitability
By: Anita M. McGahan and Michael E. Porter
In this study, we use data for 1981 through 1994 on a large sample of U.S. companies to examine the persistence of incremental industry, corporate-parent, and business-specific effects on profitability. Our results indicate that the incremental effects of industry on...
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McGahan, Anita M., and Michael E. Porter. "The Persistence of Shocks to Profitability." Review of Economics and Statistics 81, no. 1 (February 1999): 143–153.
- December 1967 (Revised May 2004)
- Case
Super Project, The
Describes the proper use of incremental analysis for capital investment decisions.
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Vancil, Richard F. "Super Project, The." Harvard Business School Case 112-034, December 1967. (Revised May 2004.)
- 2023
- Working Paper
Evaluation and Learning in R&D Investment
By: Alexander P. Frankel, Joshua L. Krieger, Danielle Li and Dimitris Papanikolaou
We examine the role of spillover learning in shaping the value of exploratory versus incremental
R&D. Using data from drug development, we show that novel drug candidates generate more
knowledge spillovers than incremental ones. Despite being less likely to reach...
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Frankel, Alexander P., Joshua L. Krieger, Danielle Li, and Dimitris Papanikolaou. "Evaluation and Learning in R&D Investment." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-074, May 2023. (NBER Working Paper Series, No. 31290, May 2023.)
- August 2012 (Revised August 2013)
- Background Note
Competency-Destroying Technology Transitions: Why the Transition to Digital Is Particularly Challenging
By: Willy Shih
Some technology transitions are exceedingly difficult for incumbent firms to execute. The bankruptcy filing by the Eastman Kodak Company highlighted the difficulty companies faced when their core business transitioned from an analog to a digital world. Kodak's business...
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Keywords:
Technology Transitions;
Competency-destroying;
Digital;
Analog;
Digital Transition;
Modular;
Modularity;
Technological Change;
Radical Innovation;
Incremental Innovation;
Architectural Innovation;
Modular Innovation;
Sustaining Innovation;
Competency-enhancing;
Noise Propagation;
Perfect Copying;
Digital Music;
Digital Media;
Consumer Electronics;
Kodak;
Sony;
Panasonic;
Disruptive Innovation;
Technology Adoption;
Transition;
Change Management;
Consumer Products Industry;
United States
Shih, Willy. "Competency-Destroying Technology Transitions: Why the Transition to Digital Is Particularly Challenging." Harvard Business School Background Note 613-024, August 2012. (Revised August 2013.)
- 2004
- Working Paper
Effort or Timing: The Effect of Lump-Sum Bonuses
This article addresses the question of whether lump-sum bonuses motivate salespeople to work harder to attain incremental orders or whether they induce salespeople to play timing games (behaviors that increase incentive payments without providing incremental benefits...
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Steenburgh, Thomas J. "Effort or Timing: The Effect of Lump-Sum Bonuses." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 05-051, December 2004.
- June 1994 (Revised March 1995)
- Background Note
New Product Commercialization: Common Mistakes
Addresses the common mistakes made in new product development and launch. Many times customers' and suppliers' perceptions of the degree of product/market innovation do not match. One of them may view the innovations as a "breakthrough," but the other may view it only...
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Rangan, V. Kasturi. "New Product Commercialization: Common Mistakes." Harvard Business School Background Note 594-127, June 1994. (Revised March 1995.)
- Article
Brand Values and Capital Market Valuation
By: Mary Barth, Michael B. Clement, George Foster and Ron Kasznik
Brand value estimates are significantly positively related to prices and returns, incremental to accounting variables. Questionable brand value estimate reliability underlies lack of financial statement recognition for brands. Findings suggest estimates are relevant...
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Barth, Mary, Michael B. Clement, George Foster, and Ron Kasznik. "Brand Values and Capital Market Valuation." Review of Accounting Studies 3, nos. 1-2 (1998): 41–68.
- 30 Sep 2010
- News
Democrats' failed bid to curb outsourcing had some crucial flaws
- October 1990 (Revised April 1999)
- Case
Hewlett-Packard: Queensferry Telecommunications Division
Queensferry Telecommunications Division has recently implemented an activity-based cost system. The case explores several issues. First, the role of variance analysis in an activity-based system. Second, the way to determine cost drive rates. Third, the evaluation of...
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Cooper, Robin, and Kiran Verma. "Hewlett-Packard: Queensferry Telecommunications Division." Harvard Business School Case 191-067, October 1990. (Revised April 1999.)
- September 1996
- Case
Silicon Graphics, Inc. (B)
By: Marco Iansiti and Alan D. MacCormack
After the release of the "Challenge" computer in 1993, Silicon Graphics executives meet to discuss the follow-up project. Should they pursue an incremental improvement to the Challenge, or opt for a radically new design recently demonstrated at Stanford University?
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Keywords:
Decisions;
Technological Innovation;
Management Practices and Processes;
Product Development;
Hardware;
Computer Industry
Iansiti, Marco, and Alan D. MacCormack. "Silicon Graphics, Inc. (B)." Harvard Business School Case 697-038, September 1996.