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Show Results For
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All HBS Web
(208)
- News (25)
- Research (158)
- Multimedia (4)
- Faculty Publications (55)
- 2020
- Working Paper
Improving Regulatory Effectiveness Through Better Targeting: Evidence from OSHA
By: Matthew S. Johnson, David I. Levine and Michael W. Toffel
We study how a regulator can best target inspections. Our case study is a US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) program that randomly allocated some inspections. On average, each inspection averted 2.4 serious injuries (9%) over the next five years....
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Keywords:
Government Administration;
Working Conditions;
Safety;
Quality;
Production;
Analysis;
Resource Allocation;
Manufacturing Industry;
United States
Johnson, Matthew S., David I. Levine, and Michael W. Toffel. "Improving Regulatory Effectiveness Through Better Targeting: Evidence from OSHA." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-019, August 2019. (Revised February 2020.)
- 10 Dec 2021
- Research & Ideas
Truth Be Told: Unpacking the Risks of Whistleblowing
complaint, but the class discussion turned to the motivations of the man who revealed the wrongdoing. Have you ever thought about blowing the whistle? Dey asked her students. Their response: We’ve thought about it, but it is so costly. At a time when View Details
Keywords:
by April White
- 19 Jun 2018
- News
When Technology Gets Ahead of Society
- 17 Jun 2016
- Op-Ed
Companies Need to Start Marketing Security to Customers
children. Volvo's latest goal is that no one should die in a Volvo car after 2020. Most firms just quietly test their products and services, receiving the blessing of Underwriters Laboratories, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, or...
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- 06 Nov 2008
- Working Paper Summaries
Extending Producer Responsibility: An Evaluation Framework for Product Take-Back Policies
- Research Summary
Overview
My research examines how companies manage environmental issues, occupational safety, and working conditions in global supply chains. More recently, I have also begun researching the drivers and implications of CEO activism, where organizational leaders speak out on...
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Keywords:
Environmental Performance;
Environmental Strategy;
Labor Management;
Transparency;
Institutional Theory;
Economic Analysis;
Quality Improvement;
Operations Management;
Supply Chain;
Regulation;
Environmental Sustainability;
Safety;
Quality;
Climate Change;
Environmental Regulation;
Pollution;
Environmental Management;
Operations;
Supply Chain Management;
Manufacturing Industry;
Construction Industry;
Asia;
Europe;
United States
- January 2020 (Revised October 2023)
- Case
Governing PG&E
By: Lynn S. Paine and Will Hurwitz
The five commissioners of the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) listened intently at a public forum in April 2019 as PG&E Corporation’s out-going chairman Richard Kelly described the company’s proposed new board. PG&E, which provided electricity and natural...
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Keywords:
Bankruptcy;
Board Of Directors;
Board Dynamics;
Business Ethics;
Business Model Innovation;
Corporate Boards;
Energy Efficiency;
Environmental And Social Sustainability;
Government And Business;
Hedge Funds;
Institutional Investors;
Legal Aspects Of Business;
Regulated Monopolies;
Regulation;
Shareholders;
Stakeholder Management;
Strategy And Execution;
Utilities;
Insolvency and Bankruptcy;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Ethics;
Capital Structure;
Climate Change;
Corporate Accountability;
Corporate Governance;
Environmental Sustainability;
Executive Compensation;
Leadership;
Management;
Safety;
Business and Government Relations;
Energy Industry;
Utilities Industry;
California;
United States
Paine, Lynn S., and Will Hurwitz. "Governing PG&E." Harvard Business School Case 320-024, January 2020. (Revised October 2023.)
- September 2019
- Supplement
Keroche (B): Considering Entry into the Kenyan Beer Market
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Pippa Tubman Armerding
This case discusses the situation of the Kenyan alcoholic drinks producer Keroche in July 2004, when co-founder Tabitha Karanja was debating whether to enter the Kenyan beer market. Doing so would mean direct competition with the multinational EABL in an industry and...
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Keywords:
Keroche;
Alcohol;
Alcoholic Drinks;
Alcoholic Beverages;
Beverages;
Drinks;
Wine Industry;
Wine;
Fortified Wine;
Viena;
Beer;
Beer Market;
Manufacturing;
Production Capacity;
Capacity;
Growth;
Regulated;
Unregulated;
Informal;
Informal Market;
Regulation;
Illicit;
Illegal;
Substandard;
Dangerous;
Shutdown;
Factory;
Safe;
Affordable;
Low-income Consumers;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Business Startups;
Production;
Investment;
Safety;
Quality;
Small Business;
Family Business;
Crime and Corruption;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Decisions;
Income;
Demographics;
Geographic Scope;
Geographic Location;
Goods and Commodities;
Government Legislation;
Growth and Development;
Business History;
Lawsuits and Litigation;
Laws and Statutes;
Lawfulness;
Goals and Objectives;
Consumer Behavior;
Market Entry and Exit;
Problems and Challenges;
Social Issues;
Poverty;
Strategy;
Competition;
Entrepreneurship;
Marketing;
Manufacturing Industry;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Kenya;
Nairobi;
Africa
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Pippa Tubman Armerding. "Keroche (B): Considering Entry into the Kenyan Beer Market." Harvard Business School Supplement 720-391, September 2019.
- 2007
- Article
Pharmacovigilance and the Missing Denominator: The Changing Context of Pharmaceutical Risk Mitigation
By: Arthur A. Daemmrich
In the wake of Vioxx, Avandia, and other recent prominent cases of drugs found to cause side effects after marketing, the safety of pharmaceuticals has come to the forefront of American public policy. Press attention, congressional investigations, and legislative...
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Keywords:
Brands and Branding;
Policy;
Risk Management;
Government Legislation;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Goals and Objectives;
Customers;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
Health Industry;
United States
Daemmrich, Arthur A. "Pharmacovigilance and the Missing Denominator: The Changing Context of Pharmaceutical Risk Mitigation." Pharmacy in History 49, no. 2 (2007): 61–75.
- 27 Nov 2006
- Research & Ideas
Manly Men, Oil Platforms, and Breaking Stereotypes
interview, Ely discusses the origins of the research, her experiences aboard an oil platform, and how this research can improve safety at other job sites. Sarah Jane Gilbert: How do you define masculine identity and what led you to study...
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- 2024
- Working Paper
Product Liability Litigation and Innovation: Evidence from Medical Devices
By: Alberto Galasso and Hong Luo
We examine the relationship between product liability litigation and innovation by systematically
combining data on product liability lawsuits with data on new product introductions in a panel dataset of
leading medical device firms. We first document a decline in...
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Keywords:
Lawsuits and Litigation;
Product Development;
Technological Innovation;
Safety;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
Galasso, Alberto, and Hong Luo. "Product Liability Litigation and Innovation: Evidence from Medical Devices." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-063, March 2024.
- 14 Dec 2020
- Research & Ideas
What Does December's Drug-Approval Dash Mean for COVID-19 Vaccines?
Pharmaceutical regulators around the world tend to speed through drug applications in December and before major national holidays, according to new research that might raise questions about COVID-19 vaccines and other treatments under...
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- 24 Sep 2007
- Research & Ideas
The FDA: What Will the Next 100 Years Bring?
and complicated than it is today. So I would say the primary impact of the FDA over the past century has been to make predictable the safety of food, drugs, cosmetics, and other products regulated by the...
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- 2010
- Chapter
From Visible Harm to Relative Risk: Centralization and Fragmentation of Pharmacovigilance
By: Arthur A. Daemmrich
Adverse drug reactions pose distinct but potentially catastrophic risks to patients, physicians, pharmaceutical firms, and regulators. Between the early 1960s and the present, national systems were built to collect, standardize, and respond to individual reports of...
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Keywords:
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Health Testing and Trials;
Business and Government Relations;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Safety;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
United States
Daemmrich, Arthur A. "From Visible Harm to Relative Risk: Centralization and Fragmentation of Pharmacovigilance." Chap. 13 in The Fragmentation of U.S. Health Care: Causes and Solutions, edited by Einer Elhauge, 301–322. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
- June 2010 (Revised February 2013)
- Background Note
The Precautionary Principle
By: Michael W. Toffel and Nazli Z. Uludere Aragon
This note describes the precautionary principle and its key tenets, highlights challenges associated with its use, and includes many examples of its application, primarily within the realm of regulating activities based on the risk of harm to human health and the...
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Keywords:
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Policy;
Health Disorders;
Business and Government Relations;
Safety;
Natural Environment;
Pollutants;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Chemical Industry;
Pharmaceutical Industry
Toffel, Michael W., and Nazli Z. Uludere Aragon. "The Precautionary Principle." Harvard Business School Background Note 610-043, June 2010. (Revised February 2013.)
- January 2021
- Supplement
What Went Wrong with Boeing’s 737 Max? (B)
By: William W. George and Amram Migdal
Following the March 10, 2019, crash of Ethiopian Airlines flight 302, en route to Nairobi, Kenya and the October 29, 2018, downing of Lion Air flight 610 as it took off from Jakarta, Indonesia, Boeing’s 737 Max jet, the model flown in both instances, was grounded by...
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Keywords:
Ethics;
Values and Beliefs;
Governance;
Corporate Accountability;
Governance Controls;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Leadership;
Management;
Business or Company Management;
Crisis Management;
Risk Management;
Organizations;
Organizational Culture;
Problems and Challenges;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Safety;
Failure;
Transportation;
Air Transportation;
Aerospace Industry;
Air Transportation Industry;
North America;
United States
George, William W., and Amram Migdal. "What Went Wrong with Boeing’s 737 Max? (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 321-001, January 2021.
- April 2020
- Article
Regulatory Oversight, Causal Inference, and Safe and Effective Health Care Machine Learning
By: Ariel Dora Stern and W. Nicholson Price, II
In recent years, the applications of Machine Learning (ML) in the health care delivery setting have grown to become both abundant and compelling. Regulators have taken notice of these developments and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been engaging...
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Keywords:
Machine Learning;
Causal Inference;
Health Care and Treatment;
Safety;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
Stern, Ariel Dora, and W. Nicholson Price, II. "Regulatory Oversight, Causal Inference, and Safe and Effective Health Care Machine Learning." Biostatistics 21, no. 2 (April 2020): 363–367.
- September 2010 (Revised January 2012)
- Case
BP's Macondo: Spill and Response
By: Julio J. Rotemberg
This case starts by reporting various factors that may have contributed to the massive Macondo oil spill, noting that BP, its partners and the government all made decisions that helped cause the accident. It then discusses the response to this spill by BP and the...
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Keywords:
Safety;
Metals and Minerals;
Crisis Management;
Infrastructure;
Trade;
Pollutants;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Business and Government Relations;
Finance;
Multinational Firms and Management;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Technology Adoption;
Energy Industry;
Mining Industry;
United Kingdom;
United States
Rotemberg, Julio J. "BP's Macondo: Spill and Response." Harvard Business School Case 711-021, September 2010. (Revised January 2012.)
- 21 Jun 2011
- First Look
First Look: June 21
Moreover, there is something resembling "intelligent design" in finance, whereby regulators and legislators act in a quasidivine capacity, putting dinosaurs on life support. The danger is that such interventions in the natural...
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Keywords:
Sean Silverthorne
- Article
Cybersecurity Features of Digital Medical Devices: An Analysis of FDA Product Summaries
By: Ariel Dora Stern, William J. Gordon, Adam B. Landman and Daniel B. Kramer
Objectives:
To more clearly define the landscape of digital medical devices subject to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversight, this analysis leverages publicly available regulatory documents to characterise the prevalence and trends of software and... View Details
To more clearly define the landscape of digital medical devices subject to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversight, this analysis leverages publicly available regulatory documents to characterise the prevalence and trends of software and... View Details
Keywords:
Digital;
Medicine;
FDA;
Health Care and Treatment;
Applications and Software;
Safety;
Cybersecurity;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
Stern, Ariel Dora, William J. Gordon, Adam B. Landman, and Daniel B. Kramer. "Cybersecurity Features of Digital Medical Devices: An Analysis of FDA Product Summaries." BMJ Open 9, no. 6 (June 2019).