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- 2024
- Working Paper
Anytime-Valid Inference in Linear Models and Regression-Adjusted Causal Inference
By: Michael Lindon, Dae Woong Ham, Martin Tingley and Iavor I. Bojinov
Linear regression adjustment is commonly used to analyze randomized controlled experiments due to its efficiency and robustness against model misspecification. Current testing and interval estimation procedures leverage the asymptotic distribution of such estimators to...
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Lindon, Michael, Dae Woong Ham, Martin Tingley, and Iavor I. Bojinov. "Anytime-Valid Inference in Linear Models and Regression-Adjusted Causal Inference." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-060, March 2024.
- Working Paper
Visual Uniqueness in Peer-to-Peer Marketplaces: Machine Learning Model Development, Validation, and Application
By: Flora Feng, Charis Li and Shunyuan Zhang
Peer-to-peer (P2P) marketplaces have seen exponential growth in recent years featured by unique offerings from individual providers. Despite the perceived value of uniqueness, scalable quantification of visual uniqueness in P2P platforms like Airbnb has been largely...
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Keywords:
Peer-to-peer Markets;
Marketplace Matching;
AI and Machine Learning;
Demand and Consumers;
Digital Platforms;
Marketing
Feng, Flora, Charis Li, and Shunyuan Zhang. "Visual Uniqueness in Peer-to-Peer Marketplaces: Machine Learning Model Development, Validation, and Application." SSRN Working Paper Series, No. 4665286, February 2024.
- November–December 2023
- Article
Iterative Coordination and Innovation: Prioritizing Value over Novelty
By: Sourobh Ghosh and Andy Wu
An innovating organization faces the challenge of how to prioritize distinct goals of novelty and value, both of which underlie innovation. Popular practitioner frameworks like Agile management suggest that organizations can adopt an iterative approach of frequent...
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Keywords:
Innovation;
Novelty;
Goals;
Specialization;
Coordination;
Field Experiment;
Software Development;
Agile;
Scrum;
Iteration;
Iterative;
Organizations;
Innovation and Invention;
Value;
Goals and Objectives;
Integration;
Applications and Software
Ghosh, Sourobh, and Andy Wu. "Iterative Coordination and Innovation: Prioritizing Value over Novelty." Organization Science 34, no. 6 (November–December 2023): 2182–2206.
- October 2023
- Case
Prime Coalition: Estimating Climate Impact
A case on CRANE, a tool to help investors and green technology companies estimate the future climate impact of new technologies and products, called emissions reduction potential (ERP). The case includes material on CRANE’s methodology for estimating future carbon...
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Keywords:
Carbon Emissions;
Environmental Accounting;
Analysis;
Climate Change;
Green Technology;
Innovation and Invention;
Measurement and Metrics;
Philanthropy and Charitable Giving;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Nonprofit Organizations;
Social Enterprise
Rigol, Natalia, Benjamin N. Roth, Brian Trelstad, and Amram Migdal. "Prime Coalition: Estimating Climate Impact." Harvard Business School Case 824-119, October 2023.
- September–October 2023
- Article
Prospective Evaluation of the Cost of Performing Breast Imaging Examinations Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing Method: A Single Center Study
By: Aamir Ali, Jordana Phillips, Damir Ljuboja, Syed S. Shehab, Etta D. Pisano, Robert S. Kaplan and Ammar Sarwar
We use time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) to measure the cost of performing breast imaging using different modalities: full-field digital mammography (FFDM), digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM), US and MRI exams, and...
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Keywords:
Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing;
Health Care;
Breast Cancer;
Health Care and Treatment;
Cost;
Cost Accounting;
Health Industry
Ali, Aamir, Jordana Phillips, Damir Ljuboja, Syed S. Shehab, Etta D. Pisano, Robert S. Kaplan, and Ammar Sarwar. "Prospective Evaluation of the Cost of Performing Breast Imaging Examinations Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing Method: A Single Center Study." Journal of Breast Imaging 5, no. 5 (September–October 2023): 546–554.
- 2023
- Working Paper
The Complexity of Economic Decisions
By: Xavier Gabaix and Thomas Graeber
We propose a theory of the complexity of economic decisions. Leveraging a macroeconomic framework of production functions, we conceptualize the mind as a cognitive economy, where a task’s complexity is determined by its composition of cognitive operations. Complexity...
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Gabaix, Xavier, and Thomas Graeber. "The Complexity of Economic Decisions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-049, February 2024.
- June 2023
- Case
Barton Malow: Building From the Top-Down
By: Hise O. Gibson and Alicia Dadlani
In 2023, Detroit-based Barton Malow completed the first high-rise building in the U.S. built from the top-down using LIFTbuild, a patented methodology that aimed to make construction safer and more efficient. By completing building work at ground level and then...
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Gibson, Hise O., and Alicia Dadlani. "Barton Malow: Building From the Top-Down." Harvard Business School Case 623-060, June 2023.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Auditing Predictive Models for Intersectional Biases
By: Kate S. Boxer, Edward McFowland III and Daniel B. Neill
Predictive models that satisfy group fairness criteria in aggregate for members of a protected class, but do not guarantee subgroup fairness, could produce biased predictions for individuals at the intersection of two or more protected classes. To address this risk, we...
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Boxer, Kate S., Edward McFowland III, and Daniel B. Neill. "Auditing Predictive Models for Intersectional Biases." Working Paper, June 2023.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Teams in the Digital Workplace: Technology's Role for Communication, Collaboration, and Performance
By: Jacqueline N. Lane, Paul Leonardi, Noshir Contractor and Leslie DeChurch
This paper addresses the need for theoretical advancements in understanding team processes and the impact of technology on teams. Specifically, it examines the use of digital collaboration technologies by organizational teams and their effect on team communication and...
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Keywords:
Affordances;
Groups and Teams;
Communication Technology;
Social Media;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Perception
Lane, Jacqueline N., Paul Leonardi, Noshir Contractor, and Leslie DeChurch. "Teams in the Digital Workplace: Technology's Role for Communication, Collaboration, and Performance." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-079, June 2023. (Accepted by Small Group Research. Revised July 2023.)
- 2023
- Working Paper
The Limits of Algorithmic Measures of Race in Studies of Outcome Disparities
By: David S. Scharfstein and Sergey Chernenko
We show that the use of algorithms to predict race has significant limitations in measuring and understanding the sources of racial disparities in finance, economics, and other contexts. First, we derive theoretically the direction and magnitude of measurement bias in...
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Keywords:
Racial Disparity;
Paycheck Protection Program;
Measurement Error;
AI and Machine Learning;
Race;
Measurement and Metrics;
Equality and Inequality;
Prejudice and Bias;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Outcome or Result
Scharfstein, David S., and Sergey Chernenko. "The Limits of Algorithmic Measures of Race in Studies of Outcome Disparities." Working Paper, April 2023.
- April 2023
- Article
The Preference Survey Module: A Validated Instrument for Measuring Risk, Time, and Social Preferences
By: Armin Falk, Anke Becker, Thomas Dohmen, David B. Huffman and Uwe Sunde
Incentivized choice experiments are a key approach to measuring preferences in economics but are also costly. Survey measures are a low-cost alternative but can suffer from additional forms of measurement error due to their hypothetical nature. This paper seeks to...
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Keywords:
Survey Validation;
Experiment;
Preference Measurement;
Surveys;
Economics;
Behavior;
Measurement and Metrics
Falk, Armin, Anke Becker, Thomas Dohmen, David B. Huffman, and Uwe Sunde. "The Preference Survey Module: A Validated Instrument for Measuring Risk, Time, and Social Preferences." Management Science 69, no. 4 (April 2023): 1935–1950.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Distributionally Robust Causal Inference with Observational Data
By: Dimitris Bertsimas, Kosuke Imai and Michael Lingzhi Li
We consider the estimation of average treatment effects in observational studies and propose a new framework of robust causal inference with unobserved confounders. Our approach is based on distributionally robust optimization and proceeds in two steps. We first...
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Bertsimas, Dimitris, Kosuke Imai, and Michael Lingzhi Li. "Distributionally Robust Causal Inference with Observational Data." Working Paper, February 2023.
- February 2023
- Article
Climate Solutions Investments
By: Alex Cheema-Fox, George Serafeim and Hui (Stacie) Wang
An increasing number of companies are providing products and services that help reduce carbon emissions in the economy. We develop a methodology to identify those companies and create a sample of publicly listed climate solutions companies allowing us to study their...
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Keywords:
Decarbonization;
Climate Finance;
Climate Impact;
Climate Risk;
Environment;
Sustainability;
Carbon Emissions;
Electric Vehicles;
Energy;
Renewables;
Climate Change;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Environmental Sustainability;
Emerging Markets;
Investment Portfolio
Cheema-Fox, Alex, George Serafeim, and Hui (Stacie) Wang. "Climate Solutions Investments." Journal of Portfolio Management 49, no. 3 (February 2023): 72–96.
- 2023
- Article
Experimental Evaluation of Individualized Treatment Rules
By: Kosuke Imai and Michael Lingzhi Li
The increasing availability of individual-level data has led to numerous applications of individualized (or personalized) treatment rules (ITRs). Policy makers often wish to empirically evaluate ITRs and compare their relative performance before implementing them in a...
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Keywords:
Causal Inference;
Heterogeneous Treatment Effects;
Precision Medicine;
Uplift Modeling;
Analytics and Data Science;
AI and Machine Learning
Imai, Kosuke, and Michael Lingzhi Li. "Experimental Evaluation of Individualized Treatment Rules." Journal of the American Statistical Association 118, no. 541 (2023): 242–256.
- 2022
- Article
Climate Change Vulnerability and Currency Returns
By: Alex Cheema-Fox, George Serafeim and Hui (Stacie) Wang
Using measures of physical risk from climate change, we develop a methodology to allocate currency pairs according to a country’s vulnerability and construct portfolios with decreasing vulnerability to physical risk. We show that non-G10 currencies are more vulnerable...
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Keywords:
Climate Finance;
Vulnerabilities;
Currencies;
Foreign Exchange;
Climate Change;
Currency;
Natural Disasters
Cheema-Fox, Alex, George Serafeim, and Hui (Stacie) Wang. "Climate Change Vulnerability and Currency Returns." Financial Analysts Journal 78, no. 4 (2022): 37–58.
- 2022
- Article
The Turn Toward Creative Work
By: Spencer Harrison, Elizabeth D. Rouse, Colin M. Fisher and Teresa M. Amabile
In this Academy of Management Collections essay, we curate a set of articles from the Academy of Management family of journals that showcase the evolution of creativity research within organizational scholarship. The articles reveal a shift from the study of...
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Harrison, Spencer, Elizabeth D. Rouse, Colin M. Fisher, and Teresa M. Amabile. "The Turn Toward Creative Work." Academy of Management Collections 1, no. 1 (2022): 1–15.
- July 2022
- Case
FIJI Water: Carbon Negative? (Abridged)
In the midst of increasing press scrutiny of the bottled water industry’s environmentally harmful practices, FIJI Water made a series of sustainability promises. The boldest of these was a pledge to go “carbon negative.” The company said that not only would they offset...
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Keywords:
Carbon Footprint;
Carbon Offsetting;
Environmental Accounting;
Climate Change;
Environmental Sustainability;
Pollution;
Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues;
Misleading and Fraudulent Advertising;
Non-Governmental Organizations;
Brands and Branding;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Fiji;
United States
Toffel, Michael W., George Serafeim, Francesca Gino, Stephanie Van Sice, and Tom Quinn. "FIJI Water: Carbon Negative? (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 623-004, July 2022.
- Article
Online Experimentation: Benefits, Operational and Methodological Challenges, and Scaling Guide
By: Iavor Bojinov and Somit Gupta
In the past decade, online controlled experimentation, or A/B testing, at scale has proved to be a significant driver of business innovation. The practice was first pioneered by the technology sector and, more recently, has been adopted by traditional companies...
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Keywords:
A/B Testing;
Experimentation;
Data-driven Culture;
Product Development;
Innovation and Invention;
Digital Transformation
Bojinov, Iavor, and Somit Gupta. "Online Experimentation: Benefits, Operational and Methodological Challenges, and Scaling Guide." Harvard Data Science Review, no. 4.3 (Summer, 2022).
- June 2022 (Revised August 2023)
- Case
Strategic Innovation at the United Nations: A Network of Ecosystems
By: Frank Nagle, Elizabeth J. Altman and Amy Klopfenstein
In 2021, Gina Lucarelli, leader of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Accelerator Labs, prepared for a meeting with UNDP Administrator Achim Steiner. The two planned to discuss the future of the Accelerator Labs, a network of social innovation labs located...
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Keywords:
Change;
Disruption;
Transformation;
Change Management;
Education;
Learning;
Environmental Management;
Climate Change;
Environmental Sustainability;
Geography;
Geographic Scope;
Global Range;
Local Range;
Geopolitical Units;
Country;
Human Resources;
Recruitment;
Retention;
Selection and Staffing;
Employees;
Employee Relationship Management;
Information Technology;
Information Management;
Innovation and Invention;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention;
Disruptive Innovation;
Innovation and Management;
Innovation Leadership;
Innovation Strategy;
Knowledge;
Knowledge Acquisition;
Knowledge Dissemination;
Knowledge Management;
Knowledge Sharing;
Knowledge Use and Leverage;
Organizations;
Mission and Purpose;
Organizational Culture;
Organizational Structure;
Organizational Design;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Social Enterprise;
Non-Governmental Organizations;
Social Psychology;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Society;
Social Issues;
Welfare;
Strategy;
Cooperation;
Adaptation;
Public Administration Industry;
North and Central America
Nagle, Frank, Elizabeth J. Altman, and Amy Klopfenstein. "Strategic Innovation at the United Nations: A Network of Ecosystems." Harvard Business School Case 722-363, June 2022. (Revised August 2023.)
- April–June 2022
- Other Article
Commentary on 'Causal Decision Making and Causal Effect Estimation Are Not the Same... and Why It Matters'
There has been a substantial discussion in various methodological and applied literatures around causal inference; especially in the use of machine learning and statistical models to understand heterogeneity in treatment effects and to make optimal decision...
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Keywords:
Causal Inference;
Treatment Effect Estimation;
Treatment Assignment Policy;
Human-in-the-loop;
Decision Making;
Fairness
McFowland III, Edward. "Commentary on 'Causal Decision Making and Causal Effect Estimation Are Not the Same... and Why It Matters'." INFORMS Journal on Data Science 1, no. 1 (April–June 2022): 21–22.